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arXiv:2106.13621 · Frontiers in Physics

Equivalence of Dissipative and Dissipationless Dynamics of Interacting Quantum Systems With Its Application to the Unitary Fermi Gas

Masaaki Tokieda, Shimpei Endo

Published Sep 17, 2021• 0 citations
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Abstract

We analytically study quantum dissipative dynamics described by the Caldirola-Kanai model with inter-particle interactions. We have found that the dissipative quantum dynamics of the Caldirola-Kanai model can be exactly mapped to a dissipationless quantum dynamics under a negative external harmonic potential, even when the particles are strongly interacting. In particular, we show that the mapping is valid for the unitary Fermi gas, which is relevant for cold atoms and nuclear matters.

DOI
10.3389/fphy.2021.730761

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We analytically study quantum dissipative dynamics described by the Caldirola-Kanai model with inter-particle interactions. We have found that the dissipative quantum dynamics of the Caldirola-Kanai model can be exactly mapped to a dissipationless quantum dynamics under a negative external harmonic potential, even when the particles are strongly interacting. In particular, we show that the mapping is valid for the unitary Fermi gas, which is relevant for cold atoms and nuclear matters.
The model of a quantum damped oscillator based on the Caldirola-Kanai equation is investigated by exploiting its coherent state basis. It is shown how these coherent states facilitate the derivation of fluid-dynamical equations corresponding to this model in the classical limit. From the conservative form of these equations it is concluded that the system represented by the Caldirola-Kanai equation cannot be considered as the quantum analogue of the classical damped oscillator. This is contrasted with the case of a harmonic oscillator interacting with a heat bath.
A nonlinear quantum–classical transition wave equation is proposed for dissipative systems within the Caldirola-Kanai model. Equivalence of this transition equation to a scaled Schrödinger equation is proved. The dissipative dynamics is then studied in terms of what we call scaled trajectories following the standard procedure used in Bohmian mechanics. These trajectories depend on a continuous parameter allowing us a smooth transition from Bohmian to classical trajectories. Arrival times and actual momentum distribution functions are also analyzed. The propagation of a Gaussian wave packet in a viscid medium under the presence of constant, linear and harmonic potentials is studied. The gradual decoherence process and localization are easily visualized and understood within this theoretical framework.
Caldirola [Nuovo Cimento 18, 393 (1941)] and Kanai's [Prog. Theor. Phys. 3, 440 (1948)] time-dependent approach for dissipative systems can be traced back to the conventional system-plus-reservoir approach; however, it apparently violates the uncertainty principle. This discrepancy can be avoided by considering a consistent transition between the Caldirola-Kanai formalism and a logarithmic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation that requires not only a transformation of the operators, but also a nonunitary transformation of the wave function. This procedure also shows the equivalence of three at first sight incompatible approaches to describe dissipative quantum systems.
Active matter is characterized by a constant influx and dissipation of energy that gives rise to directed motion. Dissipation requires interactions with an external environment, such that extending the paradigm of active matter to a quantum framework requires an appropriate description of this environment. In this work, we consider a driven quantum particle undergoing noise and dissipation, with external driving exhibiting characteristics of classical activity. We model the non-unitary dynamics with time-local master equations and analyze the particle motion at different time scales for different forms of the master equations, satisfying different criteria. We systematically compare predictions on the dynamics of particle trajectories and thereby we uncover how the particle motion evolves under the interplay of quantum effects, dissipation, and active-like dynamics. These results are essential for guiding possible experiments aimed at realizing quantum analogues of classical active systems.
We study the dynamical invariant for dissipative three coupled oscillators mainly from the quantum mechanical point of view. It is known that there are many advantages of the invariant quantity in elucidating mechanical properties of the system. We use such a property of the invariant operator in quantizing the system in this work. To this end, we first transform the invariant operator to a simple one by using a unitary operator in order that we can easily manage it. The invariant operator is further simplified through its diagonalization via three-dimensional rotations parameterized by three Euler angles. The coupling terms in the quantum invariant are eventually eliminated thanks to such a diagonalization. As a consequence, transformed quantum invariant is represented in terms of three independent simple harmonic oscillators which have unit masses. Starting from the wave functions in the transformed system, we have derived the full wave functions in the original system with the help of the unitary operators.