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arXiv:2106.10385 · Journal of Optics

Multiphoton processes via conditional measurements in the two-field interaction

Jorge Andres Anaya-Contreras, Arturo Zúñiga-Segundo, Armando Pérez-Leija, Roberto de J. León‐Montiel, H. M. Moya-Cessa

Published Jul 27, 2021• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract In this contribution, we show that the use of conditional measurements in the resonant interaction of two quantized electromagnetic fields gives rise to nonclassical multiphoton processes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this phenomenon may enable a robust integrated-optics protocol to engineer quantum states containing a high number of photons, thus making it a potentially appealing platform for exploring mesoscopic quantum phenomena.

DOI
10.1088/2040-8986/ac182f

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Abstract In this contribution, we show that the use of conditional measurements in the resonant interaction of two quantized electromagnetic fields gives rise to nonclassical multiphoton processes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this phenomenon may enable a robust integrated-optics protocol to engineer quantum states containing a high number of photons, thus making it a potentially appealing platform for exploring mesoscopic quantum phenomena.
Abstract The quantum theory of electromagnetic radiation predicts characteristic statistical fluctuations for light sources as diverse as sunlight, laser radiation, and molecule fluorescence. Indeed, these underlying statistical fluctuations of light are associated with the fundamental physical processes behind their generation. In this contribution, we experimentally demonstrate that the manipulation of the quantum electromagnetic fluctuations of two-mode squeezed vacuum states leads to a family of quantum-correlated multiphoton states with tunable mean photon numbers and degree of correlation. Our technique relies on the use of conditional measurements to engineer the excitation mode of the field through the simultaneous subtraction of photons from two-mode squeezed vacuum states. The experimental generation of nonclassical multiphoton states by means of photon subtraction unveils novel mechanisms to control fundamental properties of light. As a remarkable example, we demonstrate the engineering of a quantum state of light with up to ten photons, exhibiting nearly Poissonian photon statistics, that constitutes an important step towards the generation of entangled lasers. Our technique enables a robust protocol to prepare quantum states with multiple photons in high-dimensional spaces and, as such, it constitutes a novel platform for exploring quantum phenomena in mesoscopic systems.
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The control of photons represents a pillar for our modern technological society. The emerging field of quantum photonics exploits quantum properties of light to dramatically improve the performance of protocols for metrology, communication and information processing. However, modern applications exploit very little of the enormous potential of the photon. Unfortunately, the challenges involved in the preparation and characterization of photonic states with multiple particles, impose practical limitations to realistic quantum technologies. In this talk, I will report on our recent results on the preparation, manipulation and characterization of quantum states with multiple photons. I will describe how the manipulation of the quantum electromagnetic fluctuations of a pair of vacuum states leads to a novel family of quantum-correlated multiphoton states with tunable mean photon numbers and degrees of correlations. Our technique relies on the use of conditional measurements to engineer the vacuum and consequently the excitation mode of the field through the simultaneous subtraction of photons from two-mode squeezed vacuum states. In addition, I will describe the potential of combing these states with photon number resolving measurements for quantum phase estimation. The last part of my talk will be devoted to discuss our recent technique that allowed us to utilize compressive sensing to demonstrate measurement of high-dimensional states, that describe telecom photon pairs in the spatial and spectral degrees of freedom, with 12 billions of elements using only a small fraction of measurements.
Resonance fluorescence, the process in which a single two-level quantum emitter interacts with a near-resonant coherent light, is a cornerstone of quantum optics as a paradigmatic light-matter interaction. Quantum phenomena in resonance fluorescence have been accounted for in terms of one- and two-photon processes; however, the physical processes arising from the interaction of a single two-level atom with higher photon numbers remain unexplored experimentally. Here we experimentally reveal the multiphoton scattering nature of resonance fluorescence, which intrinsically gives rise to multiphoton entanglement. By accessing quantum fluctuations in the field emitted from a cavity-quantum electrodynamics system, we resolve third- and fourth-order photon scattering events from a single two-level atom. In the three-photon component, the scattered photons are shown to be genuinely energy-time entangled, as verified by a violation of Svetlichny's inequality. As a demonstration of an application, a quantum secret sharing protocol (QSS) is implemented using this entangled photon source. Our study refines the descriptive framework of resonance fluorescence and broadens the scope of its investigation. It also establishes a fundamentally simple route for generating multiphoton entangled states for quantum information processing and quantum metrology.
We develop a general theory for multiphoton qubit-resonator interactions enhanced by a qubit drive. The interactions generate qubit-conditional operations in the resonator when the driving is near nnn-photon cross resonance, i.e., when the qubit drive is nnn times the resonator frequency. We pay special attention to the strong driving regime, where the resulting effective interactions are conditioned on the qubit dressed states. Next, we investigate the use of a two-tone drive to engineer an effective nnn-photon Rabi Hamiltonian with widely tunable effective system parameters, which could enable the realization of new regimes that have so far been inaccessible. Then, we discuss applications for the specific case where n=2n=2n=2, which results in qubit-conditional squeezing (QCS). We show that the QCS protocol can be used to generate a superposition of orthogonally squeezed states following a properly chosen qubit measurement. We outline quantum information processing applications for these states, including encoding a qubit in a resonator via the superposition of orthogonally squeezed states. We show how the QCS operation can be used to realize a controlled-squeeze gate and its use in bosonic phase estimation. The QCS protocol can also be utilized to achieve faster unitary operator synthesis on the joint qubit-resonator Hilbert space. Finally, we propose a multiphoton circuit QED implementation based on a transmon qubit coupled to a resonator via an asymmetric SQUID. We provide realistic parameter estimates for the two-photon operation regime that can host the aforementioned two-photon protocols. We use numerical simulations to show that, even in the presence of spurious terms and decoherence, our analytical predictions are robust.