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arXiv:2106.00869 · Quantum

Quadrature protection of squeezed states in a one-dimensional photonic topological insulator

Joaquín Medina Dueñas, Gabriel O’Ryan Pérez, Carla Hermann-Avigliano, Luis E. F. Foa Torres

Published Aug 17, 2021• 12 citations
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Abstract

What is the role of topology in the propagation of quantum light in photonic lattices? We address this question by studying the propagation of squeezed states in a topological one-dimensional waveguide array, benchmarking our results with those for a topologically trivial localized state, and studying their robustness against disorder. Specifically, we study photon statistics, one-mode and two-mode squeezing, and entanglement generation when the localized state is excited with squeezed light. These quantum properties inherit the shape of the localized state but, more interestingly, and unlike in the topologically trivial case, we find that propagation of squeezed light in a topologically protected state robustly preserves the phase of the squeezed quadrature as the system evolves. We show how this latter topological advantage can be harnessed for quantum information protocols.

DOI
10.22331/q-2021-08-17-526

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What is the role of topology in the propagation of quantum light in photonic lattices? We address this question by studying the propagation of squeezed states in a topological one-dimensional waveguide array, benchmarking our results with those for a topologically trivial localized state, and studying their robustness against disorder. Specifically, we study photon statistics, one-mode and two-mode squeezing, and entanglement generation when the localized state is excited with squeezed light. These quantum properties inherit the shape of the localized state but, more interestingly, and unlike in the topologically trivial case, we find that propagation of squeezed light in a topologically protected state robustly preserves the phase of the squeezed quadrature as the system evolves. We show how this latter topological advantage can be harnessed for quantum information protocols.
Topological insulators combine insulating properties in the bulk with scattering-free transport along edges, supporting dissipationless unidirectional energy and information flow even in the presence of defects and disorder. The feasibility of engineering quantum Hamiltonians with photonic tools, combined with the availability of entangled photons, raises the intriguing possibility of employing topologically protected entangled states in optical quantum computing and information processing. However, while two-photon states built as a product of two topologically protected single-photon states inherit full protection from their single-photon "parents", a high degree of non-separability may lead to rapid deterioration of the two-photon states after propagation through disorder. In this work, we identify physical mechanisms which contribute to the vulnerability of entangled states in topological photonic lattices. Further, we show that in order to maximize entanglement without sacrificing topological protection, the joint spectral correlation map of two-photon states must fit inside a well-defined topological window of protection.
We experimentally study the effect of the lattice topology on photonic quantum walks. We generate correlated photon pairs in an array of silicon nanowaveguides making use of the high-nonlinearity available in the system. By using single-photon measurements and propagation simulations we demonstrate the transition between the characteristic path entanglement in random quantum walks and topological localization of the quantum states. Further, we show that this topological localization is robust against disorder that preserves the chiral symmetry of the system.
Topological insulators combine insulating properties in the bulk with scattering-free transport along edges, supporting dissipationless unidirectional energy and information flow even in the presence of defects and disorder. The feasibility of engineering quantum Hamiltonians with photonic tools, combined with the availability of entangled photons, raises the intriguing possibility of employing topologically protected entangled states in optical quantum computing and information processing. However, while two-photon states built as a product of two topologically protected single-photon states inherit full protection from their single-photon "parents", high degree of non-separability may lead to rapid deterioration of the two-photon states after propagation through disorder. We identify physical mechanisms which contribute to the vulnerability of entangled states in topological photonic lattices and present clear guidelines for maximizing entanglement without sacrificing topological protection.
Recent works indicate that the propagation of quantum states can be protected by exploiting topology in silicon integrated waveguide arrays. More recently, it has been suggested that topologically protected guided modes may also play an important role in the generation of photon pairs via spontaneous four-wave mixing SFWM, for path correlations of the generated photons in these systems seem to be robust with respect to fabrication imperfections. In this work we investigate the effects of disorder on SFWM efficiency and quantum correlations in topologically protected guided modes in waveguide arrays.
The robust generation and manipulation of entangled multiphoton states on chip has an essential role in quantum computation and communication. Lattice topology has emerged as a means of protecting photonic states from disorder, but entanglement across different topologies remains unexplored. We report biphoton entanglement between topologically distinct spatial modes in a bipartite array of silicon waveguides. The results highlight topology as an additional degree of freedom for entanglement and open avenues for investigating information teleportation between trivial and topological modes.
Abstract Entangled multiphoton states lie at the heart of quantum information, computing, and communications. In recent years, topology has risen as a new avenue to robustly transport quantum states in the presence of fabrication defects, disorder, and other noise sources. Whereas topological protection of single photons and correlated photons has been recently demonstrated experimentally, the observation of topologically protected entangled states has thus far remained elusive. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the topological protection of spatially entangled biphoton states. We observe robustness in crucial features of the topological biphoton correlation map in the presence of deliberately introduced disorder in the silicon nanophotonic structure, in contrast with the lack of robustness in non‐topological structures. The topological protection is shown to ensure the coherent propagation of the entangled topological modes, which may lead to robust propagation of quantum information in disordered systems.