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arXiv:2105.12906 · The European Physical Journal Plus

Quantum thermometry with a dissipative quantum Rabi system

Dong Xie, Chunling Xu, An Min Wang

Published Dec 8, 2022• 10 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03524-7

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We investigate quantum thermometry in a driven--dissipative Kerr cavity coupled to a thermal reservoir. The system exhibits a finite-size precursor of a dissipative phase transition, characterized by a pronounced minimum of the Liouvillian gap and a sharp jump in the steady-state physical observables such as average photon number at the critical driving strength. We show that this regime leads to strong enhancement of the quantum Fisher information (QFI) for temperature estimation. Using an effective two-branch description, we show that the enhancement originates from temperature-induced redistribution of the weight factors in photon number distribution between low- and high-photon-number branches, which is described by an effective binary Fisher information. By optimizing the coherent drive, the enhanced response persists over an extended low-temperature, low-thermal-occupation regime and yields a favorable relative temperature-uncertainty bound. These results identify finite-size precursors of dissipative phase transitions in Kerr-cavity platforms as useful resources for tunable nonequilibrium quantum thermometry. We further show that the predicted thermometric enhancement is accessible in a parameter regime compatible with circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit-QED) platforms.
We present a quantum thermometry method utilizing a probe-meter system and leveraging reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance sensitivity at low temperatures. Temperature information is exclusively obtained by coupling the probe qubit with the bath, facilitating efficient information extraction by measuring the meter system. Our evaluations, considering both dephasing and dissipative probe-bath couplings, demonstrate a significant enhancement in temperature sensitivity through meter-assisted thermometry, excluding the ultralow-temperature range. To further optimize performance, RL is employed to adjust both the interaction strength between the probe-meter system and the frequency of the meter system. Results showcase that RL effectively enhances temperature sensitivity across a broad low-temperature spectrum by improving average sensitivity within the specified temperature range. This optimization successfully expands the operational range of quantum thermometers. These findings highlight the promising potential of the RL approach for high-resolution, low-temperature quantum thermometry applications.
Accurate temperature estimation in the quantum and cryogenic regimes remains a fundamental challenge. Here, we investigate nonequilibrium quantum thermometry using a single-qubit probe coupled to a bosonic bath through noncommuting interaction operators, which unify pure dephasing and dissipative dynamics within a spin-boson model. We show that the interference between these two coupling channels induces strong non-Markovian feedback between populations and coherences, leading to coherence trapping and enhanced thermal sensitivity. Remarkably, by tuning the coupling structure, the probe's temperature sensitivity exhibits a quadratic low-temperature scaling, even under weak coupling. Moreover, while coherence-based measurements are formally suboptimal, they become the most informative in the early nonequilibrium regime, where memory effects dominate. Our findings identify noncommutative system-bath couplings as a practical and tunable resource for achieving high-precision quantum thermometry in realistic open-system architectures.