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arXiv:2105.05387 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Probing strong coupling between a microwave cavity and a spin ensemble with Raman heterodyne spectroscopy

Gavin G. G. King, Peter S. Barnett, John G. Bartholomew, Andrei Faraon, Jevon J. Longdell

Published Jun 14, 2021• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Rare-earth ions in solids are under active investigation for quantum microwave-optical signal converters. Here, light passed through an Er:YSO crystal sitting in a driven microwave resonator develops modulation due to three-wave mixing in the erbium dopants. Strong coupling between the microwave cavity and the spins causes modulation when the microwaves are resonant with the spin-cavity polaritons rather than the spins. This work extends the rare-earth microwave-optical conversion to both millikelvin temperatures and isotopically pure dopants.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.103.214305

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Rare-earth ions in solids are under active investigation for quantum microwave-optical signal converters. Here, light passed through an Er:YSO crystal sitting in a driven microwave resonator develops modulation due to three-wave mixing in the erbium dopants. Strong coupling between the microwave cavity and the spins causes modulation when the microwaves are resonant with the spin-cavity polaritons rather than the spins. This work extends the rare-earth microwave-optical conversion to both millikelvin temperatures and isotopically pure dopants.
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The efficiency of the frequency conversion process at the heart of Raman heterodyne spectroscopy was improved by nearly four orders of magnitude by resonant enhancement of both the pump and signal optical fields. Our results using an erbium-doped Y2SiO5{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5}Y2​SiO5​ crystal embedded in a microwave and an optical cavity at temperatures near 4 K suggest that such an approach is promising for the quantum conversion of microwave to optical photons.
A quantum coherent interface between optical and microwave photons can be used as a basic building block within a future quantum information network. The interface is envisioned as an ensemble of rare-earth ions coupled to a superconducting resonator, allowing for coherent transfer between optical and microwave photons. Towards this end, we have realized a hybrid device coupling a Er3+^{3+}3+ doped Y2_22​SiO5_55​ crystal in a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity. We observe a collective spin coupling of 4 MHz and a spin linewdith of down to 75 MHz.
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