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arXiv:2105.03250

Quantum information can remain without physical body in volatile form

Brij Mohan, S Sohail, Chirag Srivastava, Arun Kumar Pati, Ujjwal Sen

Published May 5, 2021• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A deeply rooted view in classical and quantum information is that "information is physical", i.e., to store and process information, we need a physical body. Here we ask whether quantum information can remain without a physical body. We answer this question in the affirmative, i.e., we argue that quantum information can exist without a physical body in volatile form. We introduce the notion of the volatility of quantum information and show that indeed the conditions for it are naturally satisfied in the quantum teleportation protocol. We argue that even if special relativity principles are not assumed, it is possible to make quantum information volatile. We also discuss the classical limit of the phenomenon, as well as the multiparty scenario.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2105.03250

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A deeply rooted view in classical and quantum information is that "information is physical", i.e., to store and process information, we need a physical body. Here we ask whether quantum information can remain without a physical body. We answer this question in the affirmative, i.e., we argue that quantum information can exist without a physical body in volatile form. We introduce the notion of the volatility of quantum information and show that indeed the conditions for it are naturally satisfied in the quantum teleportation protocol. We argue that even if special relativity principles are not assumed, it is possible to make quantum information volatile. We also discuss the classical limit of the phenomenon, as well as the multiparty scenario.
We shall draw an affirmative answer to the question posed in the title.The key point will be a quantum description of physical reality.Once fixed at ontic level two basic elements, namely the laws of physics and the matter, we argue that the underlying physical reality emerges from the interconnection between these two elements.We consider any physical process, including measurement, modeled by unitary evolution.In this context, we will deduce quantum randomness as a consequence of inclusion of the observer into the quantum system.The global picture of the universe is in a sense deterministic, but from our own local perspective (as part of the system) we perceive quantum mechanical randomness.Then, the notion of "information" turns out to be a derivative concept.I've spent much more time thinking about the photon problem [i.e., about quantum theory] than about relativity. A. Einstein
Since its discovery quantum teleportation has often been seen as a manifestation, indeed the epitome, of the very paradoxical and mysterious nature of quantum theory itself. It is commonly regarded as genuinely quantum and essentially paradoxical. Although a common approach to teleportation amongst physicists nowadays is a somewhat operational one, some researchers are making an effort to deflate the above views. On the one hand, it was recently argued that the paradox of information transfer taking place in teleportation is dissolved (Timpson, 2006) by appealing the very notion of information. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that some classical versions of teleportation retain its important features, which hitherto were considered genuinely quantum (Cohen, 2003; Collins&Popescu, 2002; Hardy, 1999; Mor, 2006; Spekkens, 2007). I will present a special version of a quantum teleportation protocol which is in a sense split into classical and quantum steps. This description provides us with a unified picture of teleportation in both domains. It will be explicitly shown how classical teleportation is embedded in the quantum protocol. Moreover, the classical step can be successfully accomplished even if the state shared by the parties is completely disentangled [this is consistent with the result obtained in (Wang, 2005)]. Yet, all the (apparent) paradoxical features usually associated with quantum teleportation are clearly present in this step. In particular, this demonstrates that entanglement cannot be ultimately responsible and not necessary for the (paradoxical?) information transfer. Thus, even if one considers teleportation as mysterious, all its mysteries are shifted from quantum domain into purely classical one.
Introduction The quantum information theory began to rise in the end of 20th century. The EPR (relation)really is quantum entanglement, Consequently, it makes the concept of information in science expand from classical information theory to quantum information theory, and a new concept of quantum information formed. The primary concept of information faced to new challenges and produced some important philosophical questions. For example, can we set up the concept of quantum information? What is the nature of quantum information? The past common concept of information (the information is the elimination of uncertainty) could be used in quantum information? Whether does the emergence of quantum computation mean to eliminate no-boundaries between the quantum and the classical? My aim in this paper is to discuss these questions. My philosophical analysis focuses, however, on the basic quantum information theory. Methods The research method is analytical philosophy and logic that make quantum conception more clear and accurate. Results and Discussion The concept of information could be set up. fundamentally speaking, it did be supported by the Shannon information theory and further philosophical reflections. According of information theory, (classical) information concept could be set up, and there are two necessary preconditions: (a) the premise is a set of possible events, and they can be described by the probability. (b) the information is the elimination of uncertainty. Fundamentally, quantum information is also satisfied with the family-resemblance two preconditions: (1) Quantum information describes the possibility of microscopic things, and quantum information is the expression of wave function. The wave function describes the state of microscopic particles, and presentation of the possibility of microscopic objects. (2) On the aspect of eliminating the uncertainty, the quantum communication is same as classical communication. The signal receiver once received quantum signals transmitted, and the receiver eliminates the corresponding uncertainty of quantum. Therefore, the quantum information is the elimination of quantum uncertainty, and which is called quantum information I. From two point of views, the possible events and eliminate uncertainty, the quantum information and classical information have family resemblance. Quantum information like Classical information way of transmission, it is delivered by the information source, and is received by recipient through the information channel. Quantum Information is similar to classical information, but more essential difference between them, specifically in the following three aspects: (1) The probability directly describe the possibility of classic events, while wave function (or probability amplitude) describes quantum events in the quantum world, and the absolute square of wave function is corresponded to classical probability. (2)There have the essential difference between qubits (quantum qits) and classical bits. (3) Classical information can be completely cloned or deleted. nevertheless, quantum information is neither cloned (no-cloning), nor removed completely. To my point of view, through the analysis of the process of quantum teleportation, a quantum uncertainty can be divided into three categories: the first is the external uncertainties of microscopic particles; the second the uncertainty of the superposition state; the third the inherent uncertainty of microscopic particles. These three uncertainties can be eliminated by three different ways that are transmission of quantum information, accurate quantum transformations and the creations of quantum entanglement. Therefore we can give the general definition of certainty: a situation (the state of events, things) is of certainty, if they are satisfied with the following conditions: (a) a situation is entirely determined by n events parameters; (b) n parameters of events has an accurate values simultaneously. The existences of quantum states form quantum facts. Quantum states show themselves, and therefore it releases the information to the outside world. For this reason, there have two aspects of quantum state which need to express: existence of quantum state is the quantum fact, here we emphasize "existence"; and quantum state can show to the external world, which is the quantum information, here we emphasize "Show". Hence, quantum information is the show(Zeigt) of quantum state, which is called quantum information II. The nature of quantum information is the show of quantum events and their correlated ways. Quantum information is a kind of certainty and order. Quantum information can be divided into quantum informationⅠand quantum informationⅡ.. Quantum InformationⅠjust only a phenomenonal definition, it does not go deeply into the nature of the information. Therefore, the elimination of uncertainty can not be seen as the nature of quantum information itself . In the process of quantum teleportation, the source of quantum information (such as quantum state , a and b are coefficients) is delivered to the receiver, what is the essence of quantum information? From the point of view of quantum information theory, quantum state represents quantum information, quantum state is the state of quantum system (or microscopic particles) or quantum events. in the quantum state , what quantum states disclose the quantum information does not be the absolute size of quantum information, but the relationship, since the coefficients a and b satisfy the condition , and it do not be important numerical a and b, but between their relative size and relationship, which reflects the correlated ways between a and b. The connotation of quantum InformationⅠand quantum information Ⅱ offers support for the common view of classical information concept. Which is more deeply to disclose the nature of quantum information for both of them? Obviously, quantum information Ⅱ reflects the nature of quantum information. Quantum reality and quantum information are unified. What the wave function expresses is quantum reality. The wave function is unified of quantum information and quantum reality. There is no quantum reality, there is no quantum information. Because of the information and reality are unified, and quantum information different from classical information, so we can deduce that quantum reality is different from classical reality, and quantum computing differs from classical computing. In the classical parallel computing, the value calculated in different circuits respectively, but in parallel quantum computing the value calculated in one circuit, which is the essential difference between classical and quantum parallel computing. Many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics does not mean that the difference between quantum and classical disappears: (1) Superposition in the microscopic world is very different from classical macroscopic physical world, so it is impossible that the superposition principle is fit for quantum world used for the classical world; (2) "To perform a quantum measurement, quantum world can be split up numerous classical world" is not supported by any experience and evidence; (3) Each branches of quantum computing are in quantum states, and quantum states are coherent, holistic, and some even entangled. Nevertheless, it is impossible for classical computing to achieve the quantum computing’s specific features; (4) The essential differences between quantum and the classical are decided by the development history of quantum mechanics and quantum information theory. The differences between quantum and the classical is really established by the quantum theory, concepts and their experiments that include Heisenberg’s matrix mechanics of Schrodinger’s wave equation, uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics and quantum entanglement phenomena and so on. They are completely different from the classical physical theories, concepts and experiments. Figure 1. Quantum information processing (see PDF version for the Figure). Conclusions This fruitful work gives an discussion of quantum concept that is the quantum information is the elimination of quantum uncertainty, which is called quantum information I and quantum information is the show (Zeigt) of quantum state, which is called quantum information II. Quantum information II reflects the nature of quantum information. The nature of quantum information is the show of quantum events and their correlated ways. Acknowledgments This research work of this paper is supported by 2011 the Philosophy and Social Sciences Foundation of the Ministry of Education of P. R. China (Project Number: 11JZD007) " Studies of the development trend of contemporary technological philosophy" . References and Notes Weiner, N., Cybernetics and Society. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1950. Shannon, C. E., The Mathematical Theory of Communication. The Bell System Technical Journal. 1948, Vol.27, pp.379-423, 623-656. Kornwachs K., Jacoby K., Introduction: What’s new about information? In Kornwachs K., Jacoby K.eds. Information. Berlin: Akademic Verlag GmbH. 1996. Bouwmeester, D. Pan, J.-W.，et al. Experimental Quantum Teleportation. Nature. 1997. 390. Bennett C. H. and Di Vinecenzo D. P. quantum information and computation, Nature, 2000, 404. Einstein, A. Podolsky B., and Rosen, N. Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete? Physical Review. 1935,47. Nielsen, M. A. Chuang, I. L., Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge University Press, 2000. Duwell, A. Quantum information does not exist. Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics，2003, (34). Berta, M. Christandl, M. Colbeck, R., et al. The uncertainty principle in the presence of quantum memory. Nat. Phys., 2010, (6). Caves， M. and Fuchs，C. A. 1996. Quantum information：how much information in a state vector?. preprint quant-ph/9601025. Barrow, J., et al, Science and Ultimate Reality: Quantum Theory, Cosmology and Complexity. Cambridge University Press. 2004. Yongde Zhang, Principles of Quantum Information Physics. Beijing: Science Press. 2006. Wheeler, J. A., At Home in the Universe. New York: Springer-Verlag. 1996. Guolin Wu, Quantum Entanglement And Its Philosophical Meaning, Studies in Dialectics of Nature, 2005, (7). Guolin Wu, A Detailed Philosophical Inquiry of the Quantum Information, Philosophical Researches. 2014, (8). Guolin Wu, Philosophical Connotation of quantum information Technology. Philosophical Trend. 2013, (8).
Quantum mechanics discovers fascinating concepts like entanglement, in which subatomic particles stay correlated regardless of distance. Measurements on one particle instantaneously influence the other, defying classical expectations. While the principles of quantum mechanics suggest the possibility of faster-than-light information transfer, experiments such as quantum teleportation and entanglement exchange indicate this more explicitly. However, it’s crucial to distinguish this from the speed limit of light established by special relativity. This chapter argues that the superluminal aspect observed in these processes pertains to ontological information, and not the actual physical movement of micro-particles; in contrast, epistemological information, derived from measurements, remains bound by the speed of light. Microscopic particles possess both intrinsic properties (their own nature) and extrinsic properties (how they interact with the environment). This duality extends to their identity and distinguishability. Quantum teleportation experiments demonstrate that quantum reality unites quantum information within these micro-particles; in addition, quantum information can be transferred through specific quantum processes.
The quantum uncertainty principle famously predicts that there exist measurements that are inherently incompatible, in the sense that their outcomes cannot be predicted simultaneously. In contrast, no such uncertainty exists in the classical domain, where all uncertainty results from ignorance about the exact state of the physical system. Here, we critically examine the concept of preparation uncertainty and ask whether similarly in the quantum regime, some of the uncertainty that we observe can actually also be understood as a lack of information (LOI), albeit a lack of quantum information. We answer this question affirmatively by showing that for the well known measurements employed in BB84 quantum key distribution (Bennett and Brassard 1984 Int. Conf. on Computer System and Signal Processing ), the amount of uncertainty can indeed be related to the amount of available information about additional registers determining the choice of the measurement. We proceed to show that also for other measurements the amount of uncertainty is in part connected to a LOI. Finally, we discuss the conceptual implications of our observation to the security of cryptographic protocols that make use of BB84 states.
In this work we will deal only with the concept of information in the communicational context, in which information is primarily something that has to be transmitted for communication purposes. The aim of the paper is to consider some arguments traditionally put forward to support the idea that quantum information is qualitatively different than classical information. On the basis of the analysis of those arguments, we will conclude that there are no reasons to admit the existence of quantum information as qualitatively different from classical information: there is only one kind of information, physically neutral, which can be encoded by means of classical or of quantum states.