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arXiv:2105.01103 · Physical Review Letters

Coherent Interactions between Silicon-Vacancy Centers in Diamond

Matthew W. Day, Kelsey M. Bates, Christopher L. Smallwood, Rachel Owen, Tim Schröder, Edward S. Bielejec, Ronald Ulbricht, Steven T. Cundiff

Published May 17, 2022• 16 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report tunable excitation-induced dipole-dipole interactions between silicon-vacancy color centers in diamond at cryogenic temperatures. These interactions couple centers into collective states, and excitation-induced shifts tag the excitation level of these collective states against the background of excited single centers. By characterizing the phase and amplitude of the spectrally resolved interaction-induced signal, we observe oscillations in the interaction strength and population state of the collective states as a function of excitation pulse area. Our results demonstrate that excitation-induced dipole-dipole interactions between color centers provide a route to manipulating collective intercenter states in the context of a congested, inhomogeneous ensemble.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.128.203603

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We report tunable excitation-induced dipole-dipole interactions between silicon-vacancy color centers in diamond at cryogenic temperatures. These interactions couple centers into collective states, and excitation-induced shifts tag the excitation level of these collective states against the background of excited single centers. By characterizing the phase and amplitude of the spectrally resolved interaction-induced signal, we observe oscillations in the interaction strength and population state of the collective states as a function of excitation pulse area. Our results demonstrate that excitation-induced dipole-dipole interactions between color centers provide a route to manipulating collective intercenter states in the context of a congested, inhomogeneous ensemble.
Strong light-matter interactions are critical for quantum technologies based on light, such as memories or nonlinear interactions. Solid state materials will be particularly important for such applications due to the relative ease of fabrication of components. Silicon vacancy centers (SiV^{-}) in diamond feature especially narrow inhomogeneous spectral lines, which are rare in solid materials. Here, we demonstrate resonant coherent manipulation, stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, and strong light-matter interaction via the four-wave mixing of a weak signal field in an ensemble of SiV^{-} centers.
In the first half of this work, we employ multidimensional coherent spectroscopy (MDCS) to show that a previously unknown hidden population of dark silicon-vacancy centers dominates the resonant nonlinear optical response of an ensemble of such centers. We present evidence to support our assertion that this phenomenon is due to strain-induced coupling to a dark state. We posit two mechanisms by which this could occur. Furthermore, we use a particular version of MDCS sensitive only to excitation dependent interactions between color centers, known as double-quantum spectroscopy, to show that inter-center interactions (causing peak shifts on the order of between 4 and 40 GHz) occur in our sample and are likely electronic dipole-dipole interactions. We demonstrate rudimentary control over the interaction strength between color center pairs by introducing an intense optical pulse and varying the pulse strength. As a function of the pulse field, the double quantum spectra show pairwise Rabi-like oscillations in the peak amplitude, which is a direct signature of varying interaction strength. In the latter half of this thesis, we showcase a new breed of semiconductor diode-based miniaturized frequency combs. Two dozen of our combs fit within a grain of rice. In this thesis, we characterize the modelocking physics of these frequency combs. We show that these lasers output coherent frequency modulated frequency combs, providing evidence that passive modelocking within the laser cavity occurs to stabilize the comb output. Beyond demonstrating that these frequency combs are indeed coherent, we also demonstrate their use in a practical dual-comb spectroscopy application. We acquire a dual-comb absorption spectrum of a gas cell, with a resolution better than 25 GHz achieved in only 10 µs of data acquisition time. We also show that these frequency combs can be battery powered, and that they are efficient, tunable, and simple. This thesis shows that diode frequency combs are truly portable and capable of providing a platform for practical precision measurement to thrive.
In this report, the polarization properties of the photoluminescence emitted by single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond are investigated using resonant excitation at cryogenic temperature. We first underline that the two excited-state orbital branches are associated with two orthogonal transition dipoles. Using selective excitation of one dipole, we then show that the photoluminescence is partially unpolarized owing to fast relaxation between the two orbitals induced by the thermal bath. This result might be important in the context of the realization of indistinguishable single photons using NV defect in diamond.
Photon-mediated interactions between quantum systems are essential for realizing quantum networks and scalable quantum information processing. We demonstrate such interactions between pairs of silicon-vacancy (SiV) color centers coupled to a diamond nanophotonic cavity. When the optical transitions of the two color centers are tuned into resonance, the coupling to the common cavity mode results in a coherent interaction between them, leading to spectrally resolved superradiant and subradiant states. We use the electronic spin degrees of freedom of the SiV centers to control these optically mediated interactions. Such controlled interactions will be crucial in developing cavity-mediated quantum gates between spin qubits and for realizing scalable quantum network nodes.
Photon-mediated interactions between quantum systems are essential for realizing quantum networks and scalable quantum information processing. We demonstrate such interactions between pairs of silicon-vacancy (SiV) color centers strongly coupled to a diamond nanophotonic cavity. When the optical transitions of the two color centers are tuned into resonance, the coupling to the common cavity mode results in a coherent interaction between them, leading to spectrally-resolved superradiant and subradiant states. We use the electronic spin degrees of freedom of the SiV centers to control these optically-mediated interactions. Our experiments pave the way for implementation of cavity-mediated quantum gates between spin qubits and for realization of scalable quantum network nodes.
Color centers in diamond are important quantum emitters for a broad range of applications ranging from quantum sensing to quantum optics. Understanding the internal energy level structure is of fundamental importance for future applications. We experimentally investigate the level structure of an ensemble of few negatively charged silicon-vacancy (SiV − ) and germanium-vacancy (GeV − ) centers in bulk diamond at room temperature by photoluminescence (PL) and excitation (PLE) spectroscopy over a broad wavelength range from 460 to and perform power-dependent saturation measurements. For SiV − our experimental results confirm the presence of a higher energy transition at . By comparison with detailed theoretical simulations of the imaginary dielectric function we interpret the transition as a dipole-allowed transition from -state to -state where the corresponding a 2 u -level lies deeply inside the diamond valence band. Therefore, the transition is broadened by the diamond band. At higher excitation power of we indicate signs of a parity-conserving transition at supported by saturation measurements. For GeV − we demonstrate that the PLE spectrum is in good agreement with the mirror image of the PL spectrum of the zero-phonon line. Experimentally we do not observe a higher lying energy level up to a transition wavelength of . The observed PL spectra are identical, independent of excitation wavelength, suggesting a rapid decay to excited state and followed by optical transition to ground state. Our investigations convey important insights for future quantum optics and quantum sensing experiments based on SiV − -center and GeV − -center in diamond.