Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2104.02889 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Domain wall dynamics in the spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

Hiroshi Kuratsuji

Published Feb 1, 2021• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract A dynamical theory is presented for the domain wall in the spinor Bose-Einstein condensate of “effective” one dimension. The formulation is based on the time-dependent Landau-Ginzburg (LG) theory written in terms of the spinor order parameter. The procedure is carried out in such a way that an adiabatic change of the collective coordinates which are given by the kink position as well as the phase function built in the spinor, is adapted to the canonical term (alias geometric phase) in the LG Lagrangian. Two problems are discussed: The first one is to explore the translational motion of the kink center in the presence of the pinning potential, which results in the quantum potential problem. The other one concerns the steering of the domain wall by modulating the externally driven magnetic field assisted with dissipation. The present attempt would shed light on the spinor Bose-Einstein condensates from a novel viewpoint.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/133/47002

Related papers

Domain-wall solutions of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical lattice

Zai-Dong Li, Qiuyan Li, Peng-Bin He +3 more

We studied the static and dynamic domain-wall solutions of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in an optical lattice. The single and double domain-wall solutions are constructed analytically. Our results show that the magnetic field and light-induced dipolar interactions play important roles for both the formation of different domain walls and the adjusting of domain-wall width and velocity. Moreover, these interactions can drive the motion of the domain wall in Bose ferromagnet systems similar to the way the external magnetic field or the spin-polarized current drives it in fermion ferromagnets.

arXiv:1012.5472•Physical Review A•Jan 28, 2010•32 citations

Phase domain walls in coherently driven Bose-Einstein condensates

Sergei S. Gavrilov

We consider coherent states of weakly interacting bosons under the conditions of external resonant excitation, with a focus on a two-dimensional polariton fluid driven by a plane electromagnetic wave near the ground state. The coherent driving breaks the U(1) symmetry explicitly, which prevents the occurrence of quantum vortices in a uniform scalar condensate. Surprisingly, a spinor (two-component) system of the same kind admits topological excitations, such as domain walls of relative phase or confined half-vortex molecules, typical of a freely evolving spinor Bose system. Opposite-phase domains arise from the spontaneous breakdown of the spin symmetry $(\mathbb{Z}_2)$. Domain walls form with time even when the initial state of the system is uniform or completely disordered; they fall into different topological types distinguished by the total phase variation in the transverse direction. One type of domain walls is similar to ``magnetic'' solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates and exhibits nonzero spin polarization whose sign depends on the direction of motion. Domain walls of the second type, by contrast, behave like monopoles with broken spatiotemporal symmetry and tend to move in certain preferred directions. The interaction of vortices and domain walls results in a long-range ordering of the system.

arXiv:2505.09553•Physical Review A•Feb 13, 2026•0 citations

Dissipative hydrodynamic equation of a ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate: Analogy to magnetization dynamics in conducting ferromagnets

Kazue Kudo, Yuki Kawaguchi

The hydrodynamic equation of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) gives a simple description of spin dynamics in the condensate. We introduce the hydrodynamic equation of a ferromagnetic BEC with dissipation originating from the energy dissipation of the condensate. The dissipative hydrodynamic equation has the same form as an extended Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation, which describes the magnetization dynamics of conducting ferromagnets in which localized magnetization interacts with spin-polarized currents. Employing the dissipative hydrodynamic equation, we demonstrate the magnetic domain pattern dynamics of a ferromagnetic BEC in the presence and absence of a current of particles, and discuss the effects of the current on domain pattern formation. We also discuss the characteristic lengths of domain patterns that have domain walls with and without finite magnetization.

arXiv:1106.2876•Physical Review A•Oct 7, 2011•19 citations

Domain walls and their interactions in a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate*

Ling-Zheng Meng, Yan-Hong Qin, Li-Chen Zhao +1 more

We investigate domain wall excitations in a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate with two-body interactions and pair-transition effects. It is shown that domain wall excitations can be described exactly by kink and anti-kink excitations in each component. The domain wall solutions are given analytically, which exist with different conditions compared with the domain wall reported before. Bubble-droplet structure can be also obtained from the fundamental domain wall, and their interactions are investigated analytically. Especially, domain wall interactions demonstrate some striking particle transition dynamics. These striking transition effects make the domain wall admit quite different collision behavior, in contrast to the collision between solitons or other nonlinear waves. The collisions between kinks induce some phase shift, which makes the domain wall change greatly. Their collisions can be elastic or inelastic with proper combination of fundamental domain walls. These characters can be used to manipulate one domain wall by interacting with other ones.

Chinese Physics B•Jun 1, 2019•4 citations

Magnetic domains in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

Michał Matuszewski, Tristram J. Alexander, Yuri S. Kivshar

We discuss the structure of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of a homogenous magnetic field. We demonstrate that phase separation can occur in the ground state of antiferromagnetic (polar) condensates, while the spin components of ferromagnetic condensates are always miscible, so that no phase separation occurs in them. Our analysis predicts that this phenomenon takes place when the energy of the lowest homogenous state is a concave function of the magnetization. We propose a method for creating spin domains by adiabatic switching-on of a magnetic field. We also discuss the phenomena of dynamical instability and spin domain formation.

Low Temperature Physics•Aug 1, 2010•2 citations

Dynamics of a nonequilibrium discontinuous quantum phase transition in a spinor Bose–Einstein condensate

Matthew T. Wheeler, Hayder Salman, Magnus O. Borgh

Abstract Symmetry-breaking quantum phase transitions lead to the production of topological defects or domain walls in a wide range of physical systems. In second-order transitions, these exhibit universal scaling laws described by the Kibble–Zurek mechanism, but for first-order transitions a similarly universal approach is still lacking. Here, we propose a spinor Bose–Einstein condensate as a testbed system where critical scaling behaviour in a first-order quantum phase transition can be understood from generic properties. We demonstrate the applicability of the Kibble–Zurek mechanism for this transition to determine the critical exponents for: (1) the onset of the decay of the metastable state on short times scales, and (2) the number of resulting phase-separated ferromagnetic domains at longer times, as a one-dimensional spin-1 condensate is ramped across a first-order quantum phase transition. The predictions are in excellent agreement with mean-field numerical simulations and provide a paradigm for studying the decay of metastable states in experimentally accessible systems.

arXiv:2312.16555•Communications Physics•Apr 11, 2025•5 citations
Abstract A dynamical theory is presented for the domain wall in the spinor Bose-Einstein condensate of “effective” one dimension. The formulation is based on the time-dependent Landau-Ginzburg (LG) theory written in terms of the spinor order parameter. The procedure is carried out in such a way that an adiabatic change of the collective coordinates which are given by the kink position as well as the phase function built in the spinor, is adapted to the canonical term (alias geometric phase) in the LG Lagrangian. Two problems are discussed: The first one is to explore the translational motion of the kink center in the presence of the pinning potential, which results in the quantum potential problem. The other one concerns the steering of the domain wall by modulating the externally driven magnetic field assisted with dissipation. The present attempt would shed light on the spinor Bose-Einstein condensates from a novel viewpoint.
We studied the static and dynamic domain-wall solutions of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in an optical lattice. The single and double domain-wall solutions are constructed analytically. Our results show that the magnetic field and light-induced dipolar interactions play important roles for both the formation of different domain walls and the adjusting of domain-wall width and velocity. Moreover, these interactions can drive the motion of the domain wall in Bose ferromagnet systems similar to the way the external magnetic field or the spin-polarized current drives it in fermion ferromagnets.
We consider coherent states of weakly interacting bosons under the conditions of external resonant excitation, with a focus on a two-dimensional polariton fluid driven by a plane electromagnetic wave near the ground state. The coherent driving breaks the U(1) symmetry explicitly, which prevents the occurrence of quantum vortices in a uniform scalar condensate. Surprisingly, a spinor (two-component) system of the same kind admits topological excitations, such as domain walls of relative phase or confined half-vortex molecules, typical of a freely evolving spinor Bose system. Opposite-phase domains arise from the spontaneous breakdown of the spin symmetry (Z2)(\mathbb{Z}_2)(Z2​). Domain walls form with time even when the initial state of the system is uniform or completely disordered; they fall into different topological types distinguished by the total phase variation in the transverse direction. One type of domain walls is similar to ``magnetic'' solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates and exhibits nonzero spin polarization whose sign depends on the direction of motion. Domain walls of the second type, by contrast, behave like monopoles with broken spatiotemporal symmetry and tend to move in certain preferred directions. The interaction of vortices and domain walls results in a long-range ordering of the system.
The hydrodynamic equation of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) gives a simple description of spin dynamics in the condensate. We introduce the hydrodynamic equation of a ferromagnetic BEC with dissipation originating from the energy dissipation of the condensate. The dissipative hydrodynamic equation has the same form as an extended Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation, which describes the magnetization dynamics of conducting ferromagnets in which localized magnetization interacts with spin-polarized currents. Employing the dissipative hydrodynamic equation, we demonstrate the magnetic domain pattern dynamics of a ferromagnetic BEC in the presence and absence of a current of particles, and discuss the effects of the current on domain pattern formation. We also discuss the characteristic lengths of domain patterns that have domain walls with and without finite magnetization.
We investigate domain wall excitations in a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate with two-body interactions and pair-transition effects. It is shown that domain wall excitations can be described exactly by kink and anti-kink excitations in each component. The domain wall solutions are given analytically, which exist with different conditions compared with the domain wall reported before. Bubble-droplet structure can be also obtained from the fundamental domain wall, and their interactions are investigated analytically. Especially, domain wall interactions demonstrate some striking particle transition dynamics. These striking transition effects make the domain wall admit quite different collision behavior, in contrast to the collision between solitons or other nonlinear waves. The collisions between kinks induce some phase shift, which makes the domain wall change greatly. Their collisions can be elastic or inelastic with proper combination of fundamental domain walls. These characters can be used to manipulate one domain wall by interacting with other ones.
We discuss the structure of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of a homogenous magnetic field. We demonstrate that phase separation can occur in the ground state of antiferromagnetic (polar) condensates, while the spin components of ferromagnetic condensates are always miscible, so that no phase separation occurs in them. Our analysis predicts that this phenomenon takes place when the energy of the lowest homogenous state is a concave function of the magnetization. We propose a method for creating spin domains by adiabatic switching-on of a magnetic field. We also discuss the phenomena of dynamical instability and spin domain formation.
Abstract Symmetry-breaking quantum phase transitions lead to the production of topological defects or domain walls in a wide range of physical systems. In second-order transitions, these exhibit universal scaling laws described by the Kibble–Zurek mechanism, but for first-order transitions a similarly universal approach is still lacking. Here, we propose a spinor Bose–Einstein condensate as a testbed system where critical scaling behaviour in a first-order quantum phase transition can be understood from generic properties. We demonstrate the applicability of the Kibble–Zurek mechanism for this transition to determine the critical exponents for: (1) the onset of the decay of the metastable state on short times scales, and (2) the number of resulting phase-separated ferromagnetic domains at longer times, as a one-dimensional spin-1 condensate is ramped across a first-order quantum phase transition. The predictions are in excellent agreement with mean-field numerical simulations and provide a paradigm for studying the decay of metastable states in experimentally accessible systems.