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arXiv:2104.02575

Functional integral method for potential scattering amplitude in quantum mechanics

Cao Thi Vi Ba, Do Thu Ha, Nguyen Nhu Xuan

Published Apr 2, 2021• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The functional integral method can be used in quantum mechanics to find the scattering amplitude for particles in the external field. We will obtain the potential scattering amplitude form the complete Green function in the corresponding external field through solving the Schrodinger equation, after being separated from the poles on the mass shell, which takes the form of an eikonal (Glauber) representation in the high energy region and the small scattering angles. Consider specific external potentials such as the Yukawa or Gaussian potential, we will find the corresponding differential scattering cross-sections.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2104.02575

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The functional integral method can be used in quantum mechanics to find the scattering amplitude for particles in the external field. We will obtain the potential scattering amplitude form the complete Green function in the corresponding external field through solving the Schrodinger equation, after being separated from the poles on the mass shell, which takes the form of an eikonal (Glauber) representation in the high energy region and the small scattering angles. Consider specific external potentials such as the Yukawa or Gaussian potential, we will find the corresponding differential scattering cross-sections.
The functional integral method can be used in quantum mechanics to find the scattering amplitude for particles in the external field. We obtained the potential scattering amplitude from the complete Green function in the corresponding external field through solving the Schrodinger equation, after being separated from the poles on the mass shell, which takes the form of an eikonal (Glauber) representation in the high energy region and the small scattering angles. Considering specific external potentials such as the Yukawa or Gaussian potential, we found the corresponding differential scattering cross-sections.
The concept of a generalized scattering amplitude is introduced and applied to quantum potential scatterings. After an outgoing spherical wave is factored out from a wave function, the remaining wave envelope is defined as the generalized scattering amplitude. The transformed Schr\"odinger equation, in terms of the generalized scattering amplitude, can be solved numerically by using a finite-difference method over the entire scattering domain. Example problems of scatterings by a spherical potential well and the (${\mathit{e}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$,H) static field interaction potential are solved to validate the theoretical formulation and numerical method. The far-field solutions for the ordinary scattering amplitude and differential cross section agree very well with those obtained from the partial-wave analysis. The radial profiles of the generalized scattering amplitude and particle density function over the entire scattering region are also presented, and their properties are discussed. These results demonstrate that the method can be used to yield a complete and accurate solution to scattering problems involving arbitrary interaction potentials.
This solves quantum physics problems using the integral Rohit transform, including the scattering of low energy particles by a completely rigid sphere and particle behavior in a one-dimensional infinitely high potential box. The standard calculus approach is typically used to solve these quantum mechanics issues. To solve these quantum physics challenges, this research presents a new method: the integral Rohit transform. When compared to other approaches that are currently in the literature, the obtained solutions show how accurate the suggested method is. This demonstrates the potential and efficacy of the suggested approach to overcoming quantum mechanical issues, such as low-energy particle scattering by a completely rigid sphere and particle behavior in a one-dimensional infinitely high potential box. In this paper, the successful application of the integral Rohit Transform has been demonstrated in solving the one-dimensional time-independent Schrodinger's equation. This application has yielded results that include the determination of eigen energy values and eigen functions for a particle confined within an infinitely high potential well, as well as the calculation of the total scattering cross-section for low energy particles interacting with a perfectly rigid sphere. In the case of low energy limit, the total scattering cross-section for low energy particles due to a perfectly rigid sphere, as determined through quantum mechanics, is equivalent to the geometrical cross-section of said sphere. Additionally, the energy values that the particle can possess within a 1d infinitely high potential well demonstrate that the energy of said particle, when confined within this potential well, is quantized.
In the textbooks of elementary quantum mechanics, two-particle scattering is treated by introducing the concept of off-the-energy shell scattering amplitude. On the other hand, in relativistic quantum field theory, the need to treat momentum and energy on the same footing forces one to use an off-the-mass shell scattering amplitude. We believe the introducing the off-the-mass shell extrapolation of the scattering amplitude in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics should be illuminating. We try to show this in this paper.
As is known to all, the electron scattering in classical electromagnetic potential is one of the most widespread applications of quantum theory. Nevertheless, many discussions about electron scattering are based upon single-particle Schrodinger equation or Dirac equation in quantum mechanics rather than the method of quantum field theory. In this paper, by using the path integral approach of quantum field theory, we perturbatively evaluate the scattering amplitude up to the second order for the electron scattering by the classical electromagnetic potential. The results we derive are convenient to apply to all sorts of potential forms. Furthermore, by means of the obtained results, we give explicit calculations for the one-dimensional electric potential.
The author discusses a method for solving the Schrodinger equation with spherically symmetric potentials. The method is based on the use of a certain integral transform for the radial wavefunction. In the representation defined by this transform the Schrodinger equation becomes an integral equation of Volterra type. In a number of cases this equation can be solved exactly without any use of perturbation theory. The resulting solution is represented by a locally finite sum of functions, which can be easily calculated since they are defined by integrals involving simple algebraic functions. For this reason, the method is well suited for practical calculations. The author derives exact solutions for the Yukawa and exponential potentials. As an application the author calculates the bound state spectrum and the scattering cross-sections.