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arXiv:2103.14310 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

A versatile ring trap for quantum gases

Mathieu de Goër de Herve, Yanliang Guo, Camilla De Rossi, Avinash Kumar, Thomas Badr, Romain Dubessy, Laurent Longchambon, Hélène Perrin

Published May 26, 2021• 0 citations
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Abstract

Abstract We report on the confinement of a Bose–Einstein condensate in an annular trap with widely tunable parameters. The trap relies on a combination of magnetic, optical and radio-frequency fields. The loading procedure is discussed. We present annular traps with radii adjusted between 20 and 150 μ m. We demonstrate the preparation of persistent flows both with a rotating laser stirrer and with a global quadrupole deformation of the ring. Our setup is well adapted for the study of superfluid dynamics.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/ac0579

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Abstract We report on the confinement of a Bose–Einstein condensate in an annular trap with widely tunable parameters. The trap relies on a combination of magnetic, optical and radio-frequency fields. The loading procedure is discussed. We present annular traps with radii adjusted between 20 and 150 μ m. We demonstrate the preparation of persistent flows both with a rotating laser stirrer and with a global quadrupole deformation of the ring. Our setup is well adapted for the study of superfluid dynamics.
We report on the confinement of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an annular trap with widely tunable parameters. The trap relies on a combination of magnetic, optical and radio-frequency fields. The loading procedure is discussed. We present annular traps with radii adjusted between 20 and 150 micrometers. We demonstrate the preparation of persistent flows both with a rotating laser stirrer and with a global quadrupole deformation of the ring.Our setup is well adapted for the study of superfluid dynamics.
The irrotational nature of superfluids leads to spectacular rotational properties. For the fluid to rotate, its density must locally vanish at a singular point called a quantum vortex. The annular geometry is of great interest for studying superfluidity as the gas can rotate in this geometry around a central hole without requiring any singularity, allowing the existence of persistent currents along the ring with a quantized circulation. In out experiment, we confine cold atoms dressed by a radiofrequency field in an adiabatic potential based on a quadrupolar magnetic trap. The resulting bubble-shaped potential, both very smooth and easily tunable, allows us to produce two types of ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates. A first strategy consists in adding a far-detuned light sheet to confine the atoms at the intersection between the bubble and the horizontal plane imposed by the light field – i.e. a ring. We present the implementation and optimization of this trap and demonstrate the possibility to prepare and observe superfluid currents in the ring. A second path exploits the centrifugal force and the anharmonicity of the adiabatic potential to create an effective Mexican hat potential by rotating the trapped atoms at the bottom of the bubble faster than the trap frequency. After having realized such a system, we probe its quadrupolar modes to characterize the rotation. The study of vortex distribution in the rotating gas also shows a thermal melting effect of the finite temperature vortex lattice.
Degenerate quantum gases offer an ideal platform to study superfluidity. An annular superfluid has many subtle properties due to its topological geometry. In this manuscript, we present three ring-shaped superfluids, obtained with different formation mechanisms.The starting point of the experiments is a superfluid confined at the bottom of a bubble-shaped trap, generated by dressing atoms in a quadrupole trap with radio-frequency (rf) photons. Taking advantage of the smoothness of such an adiabatic trap allows us to realize these three annular superfluids.The first one is a levitating ring, formed on the surface of the bubble trap by compensating gravity. We study the structure taken by the atomic cloud related to fine effect of the rf polarization and the strong rf coupling. The second one is a ring trap, formed at the equator of the bubble with an additional blue detuned double light sheet. We set the annular gas into rotation by two methods, resulting in a persistent superfluid current and a quantized circulation. The last one is a fast-rotating dynamical ring, which forms under the effect of the centrifugal force. It is a long-lived supersonic superfluid whose linear velocity can reach Mach 18. We also evidence a collective mode of such a rapid rotating superfluid. The experimental realization of the dynamical ring is an important step towards the giant vortex regime.
Degenerate quantum gases offer an ideal platform to study superfluidity. An annular su- perfluid has many subtle properties due to its topological geometry. In this manuscript, we present three ring-shaped superfluids, obtained with different formation mechanisms. The starting point of the experiments is a superfluid confined at the bottom of a bubble- shaped trap, generated by dressing atoms in a quadrupole trap with radio-frequency (rf) photons. Taking advantage of the smoothness of such an adiabatic trap allows us to realize these three annular superfluids.The first one is a levitating ring, formed on the surface of the bubble trap by compensating gravity. We study the structure taken by the atomic cloud related to fine effect of the rf polarization and the strong rf coupling. The second one is a ring trap, formed at the equator of the bubble with an additional blue detuned double light sheet. We set the annular gas into rotation by two methods, resulting in a persistent superfluid current and a quantized circulation. The last one is a fast-rotating dynamical ring, which forms under the effect of the centrifugal force. It is a long-lived supersonic superfluid whose linear velocity can reach Mach18. We also evidence a collective mode of such a rapid rotating superfluid. The experimental realization of the dynamical ring is an important step towards the giant vortex regime
We combine an RF-dressed magnetic trap with an optical potential to produce a toroidal trapping potential for ultracold 87Rb atoms. We load atoms into this ring trap from a conventional magnetic trap and compare the measured oscillation frequencies with theoretical predictions. This method of making a toroidal trap gives a high degree of flexibility such as a tuneable radius and variable transverse oscillation frequency. The ring trap is ideal for the creation of a multiply connected Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) and the study of persistent flow and we propose a scheme for introducing a flow of the atoms around the ring.
We report the experimental realization of a versatile ring trap for ultracold atoms. The ring geometry is created by the time-averaged adiabatic potential resulting from the application of an oscillating magnetic bias field to a rf-dressed quadrupole trap. Lifetimes for a Bose-Einstein condensate in the ring exceed 11s11\mathrm{s}11s and the ring radius was continuously varied from $50 \ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$ to $262 \ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$. An efficient method of loading the ring from a conventional time-averaged orbiting potential trap is presented together with a rotation scheme which introduces angular momentum into the system. The ring presents an opportunity to study the superfluid properties of a condensate in a multiply connected geometry and also has applications for matter-wave interferometry.