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arXiv:2103.10791 · PRX Quantum

Experimental Space-Division Multiplexed Polarization-Entanglement Distribution through 12 Paths of a Multicore Fiber

Evelyn A. Ortega, Krishna Dovzhik, Jorge Fuenzalida, Sören Wengerowsky, Juan Carlos Alvarado-Zacarias, R. F. Shiozaki, Rodrigo Amezcua‐Correa, Martin Bohmann, Rupert Ursin

Published Dec 21, 2021• 29 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The development and wide application of quantum technologies highly depend on the capacity of the communication channels distributing entanglement.Space-division multiplexing (SDM) enhances data channel transmission capacity in classical telecommunication and bears the potential to transfer the idea to quantum communication using current infrastructure.Here, we demonstrate a SDM of polarizationentangled photons over a 411 m long 19-core multicore fiber distributing polarization-entangled photon pairs through up to 12 channels simultaneously.The quality of the multiplexed transfer is evidenced by high polarization visibility and Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) Bell inequality violation for each pair of opposite cores.Our distribution scheme shows high stability over 24 h without any active polarization stabilization and can be effortlessly adapted to a higher number of channels.This technique increases the quantum-channel capacity and allows the reliable implementation of quantum networks of multiple users based on a single entangled photon pair source.

DOI
10.1103/prxquantum.2.040356

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The development and wide application of quantum technologies highly depend on the capacity of the communication channels distributing entanglement.Space-division multiplexing (SDM) enhances data channel transmission capacity in classical telecommunication and bears the potential to transfer the idea to quantum communication using current infrastructure.Here, we demonstrate a SDM of polarizationentangled photons over a 411 m long 19-core multicore fiber distributing polarization-entangled photon pairs through up to 12 channels simultaneously.The quality of the multiplexed transfer is evidenced by high polarization visibility and Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) Bell inequality violation for each pair of opposite cores.Our distribution scheme shows high stability over 24 h without any active polarization stabilization and can be effortlessly adapted to a higher number of channels.This technique increases the quantum-channel capacity and allows the reliable implementation of quantum networks of multiple users based on a single entangled photon pair source.
The development and wide application of quantum technologies highly depend on the capacity of the communication channels distributing entanglement. Space-division multiplexing (SDM) enhanced channel capacities in classical telecommunication and bears the potential to transfer the idea to quantum communication using current infrastructure. Here, we demonstrate an SDM of polarization-entangled photons over a 411m long 19-core multicore fiber distributing polarization-entangled photon pairs through up to 12 channels simultaneously. The quality of the multiplexed transfer is evidenced by high polarization visibility and CHSH Bell inequality violation for each pair of opposite cores. Our distribution scheme shows high stability over 24 hours without any active polarization stabilization and can be effortlessly adapted to a higher number of channels. This technique increases the quantum-channel capacity and allows the reliable implementation of quantum networks of multiple users based on a single entangled-photon pair source.
Quantum key distribution has shown promising advances in information transmission security. In particular, quantum communication schemes based on entanglement have enormous potential to enhance the security and efficiency of information transmission. Therefore, today’s efforts address overcoming issues related to high data transmission and long-distance implementations to enable real-world quantum communication applications. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a multiplexing technique to enhance the secret key rate by exploiting the momentum correlation of photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion. We distributed polarization-entangled photon pairs into opposite cores within a 19-core multicore fiber. We estimated the secret key rates in a configuration with 6 and 12 cores from the entanglement visibility after transmission through a 411-m-long multicore fiber. Our results can lead to the transmission of more information per photon and the establishment of novel quantum networks with one common communication channel, which opens the possibility of deploying new quantum channels over longer distances.
Rapid recent advances in quantum technology are giving rise to potential new applications in a wide range of fields. In particular, efficient generation and distribution of quantum entanglement is crucial for many use cases in quantum communication. In this field, multi-core optical fibers (MCF) are especially interesting, as they enable space-division multiplexing, increasing data transmission capacity of the channel. In this work, we present a flexible system for efficient and scalable quantum communication through MCF, using phase-only spatial light modulation (SLM). Firstly, we utilise SLM to enhance the coupling efficiency of near-infrared polarization-entangled photon pairs into a 19-core MCF. Secondly, we present a novel SLM-based system which corrects random polarization transformations incurred over propagation through fiber, for all MCF cores in parallel. The quality of the distributed entanglement is certified by high polarization visibility and violation of the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) inequality for every core pair. Our results show potential for implementation in real-world quantum communication networks, as well as enabling further advanced quantum experiments.
Spatial-division multiplexing is a key technology for increasing the capacity of classical optical fiber networks. It also provides additional degrees of freedom for photon entanglement and transmission in quantum communication networks. This paper describes steps toward generating a four-dimensional, spatially-entangled state and its distribution over multi-km-long four-core fibers. We generate four mutually coherent beams using a spatial light modulator and investigate their simultaneous coupling into a four-core fiber. We verify the stability of both the relative phase and polarization between the cores over10 km\mathbf{1 0 ~ k m}10 kmof a four-core fiber. We also characterize the polarization mode dispersion of the fiber and find its principal states of polarization to mitigate the effects of random polarization-dependent delay across the fiber cores.
Spatial division multiplexing is a key technology for increasing the capacity of the classical optical fiber networks. It also provides additional degrees of freedom for photon entanglement and transmission in quantum communication networks. This paper describes steps toward generating a four-dimensional, spatially-entangled state and its distribution over multi-km-long four-core fibers. We generate four mutually coherent beams using a spatial light modulator and investigate their simultaneous coupling into a four-core fiber. We also verify the stability of both the relative phase and polarization between the cores over a 10 km of a four-core fiber.
The ultimate goal of quantum information science is to build a global quantum network, which enables quantum resources to be distributed and shared between remote parties. Such a quantum network can be realized using only fiber elements, thus deriving the advantages of low transmission loss, low cost, scalability, and integrability through mature fiber communication techniques such as dense wavelength division multiplexing. Hence high-quality entangled-photon sources based on fibers are in high demand. Here we report multiplexed polarization- and time-bin-entangled photon-pair sources based on the dispersion-shifted fiber operating at room temperature. The associated high quality of entanglement is characterized using interference, Bell’s inequality, and quantum state tomography. The simultaneous presence of both types of entanglement in multi-channel pairs of a 100-GHz dense wavelength division multiplexing device indicates a great capacity in distributing entangled photons over multiple users. Our design provides a versatile platform and takes a big step toward constructing an all-fiber quantum network.