Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2103.04829 · Physical Review A

Phonon-number resolution of voltage-biased mechanical oscillators with weakly anharmonic superconducting circuits

Mario F. Gely, Gary Alexander Steele

Published Nov 3, 2021• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Observing quantum phenomena in macroscopic objects, and the potential discovery of a fundamental limit in the applicability of quantum mechanics, has been a central topic of modern experimental physics. Highly coherent and heavy micromechanical oscillators controlled by superconducting circuits are a promising system for this task. Here we focus in particular on the electrostatic coupling of motion to a weakly anharmonic circuit, namely, the transmon qubit. In the case of a megahertz mechanical oscillator coupled to a gigahertz transmon, we explain the difficulties in bridging the large electromechanical frequency gap. To remedy this issue, we explore the requirements to reach phonon-number resolution in the resonant coupling of a megahertz transmon and a mechanical oscillator.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.104.053509

Related papers

Quantum Control over a Low Frequency Mechanical Oscillator Using a Superconducting Qubit

Xizheng Ma

The ability to access a broad range of quantum states with mechanical oscillators has many applications and is an enduring ambition in the fields of opto- and electromechanics. However, as mechanical oscillators are linear at the quantum scale, arbitrary quantum control over them requires an extrinsic nonlinearity. In this thesis, I aim to provide this extrinsic nonlinearity and establish quantum control over the motion of a suspended aluminum disk by coupling it strongly to a superconducting qubit. To this end, I design and fabricate a device, when operated at its maximum coupling strength, could enable phonon-number-resolved measurements and arbitrary quantum control over the mechanical motion. However, limited by unclear reasons that break the qubit readout, I operate at approximately a quarter of the maximum coupling strength. Nevertheless, at this smaller coupling strength, I demonstrate the preparation of a non-Gaussian nonclassical state of motion.Because of the large coupling achieved in this work, the sideband transitions are phonon-number-sensitive, selectively altering the phonon populations in only a few Fock states. Using these phonon-number-sensitive sideband transitions, I dissipatively stabilize the mechanical oscillator into a highly-energized sub-Poissonian state, where its energy fluctuations are below the classical limit. This result represents a major step toward the long-time ambition of accessing a broad range of nonclassical states with macroscopic mechanical oscillators. Moreover, requiring neither number-resolution nor coherent control of the qubit, the dissipative stabilization technique demonstrated in this work also provides an accessible path toward preparing nonclassical states in other harmonic oscillators coupled to qubits.

•Dec 1, 2020•0 citations

Large flux-mediated coupling in hybrid electromechanical system with a transmon qubit

Tanmoy Bera, Sourav Majumder, Sudhir Kumar Sahu +1 more

Abstract Control over the quantum states of a massive oscillator is important for several technological applications and to test the fundamental limits of quantum mechanics. Addition of an internal degree of freedom to the oscillator could be a valuable resource for such control. Recently, hybrid electromechanical systems using superconducting qubits, based on electric-charge mediated coupling, have been quite successful. Here, we show a hybrid device, consisting of a superconducting transmon qubit and a mechanical resonator coupled using the magnetic-flux. The coupling stems from the quantum-interference of the superconducting phase across the tunnel junctions. We demonstrate a vacuum electromechanical coupling rate up to 4 kHz by making the transmon qubit resonant with the readout cavity. Consequently, thermal-motion of the mechanical resonator is detected by driving the hybridized-mode with mean-occupancy well below one photon. By tuning qubit away from the cavity, electromechanical coupling can be enhanced to 40 kHz. In this limit, a small coherent drive on the mechanical resonator results in the splitting of qubit spectrum, and we observe interference signature arising from the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg effect. With improvements in qubit coherence, this system offers a platform to realize rich interactions and could potentially provide full control over the quantum motional states.

arXiv:2001.05700•Communications Physics•Jan 19, 2021•27 citations

Interfacing planar superconducting qubits with high overtone bulk acoustic phonons

Mikael Kervinen, Ilkka Rissanen, Mika A. Sillanpää

Mechanical resonators are a promising way for interfacing qubits in order to realize hybrid quantum systems that offer great possibilities for applications. Mechanical systems can have very long energy lifetimes, and they can be further interfaced to other systems. Moreover, integration of a mechanical oscillator with qubits creates a potential platform for the exploration of quantum physics in macroscopic mechanical degrees of freedom. The utilization of high overtone bulk acoustic resonators coupled to superconducting qubits is an intriguing platform towards these goals. These resonators exhibit a combination of high-frequency and high-quality factors. They can reach their quantum ground state at dilution refrigeration temperatures and they can be strongly coupled to superconducting qubits via their piezoelectric effect. In this paper, we demonstrate our system where bulk acoustic phonons of a high overtone resonator are coupled to a transmon qubit in a planar circuit architecture. We show that the bulk acoustic phonons are interacting with the qubit in a simple design architecture at the quantum level, representing further progress towards the quantum control of mechanical motion.

arXiv:1802.06642•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•May 29, 2018•47 citations

Strong Dispersive Coupling Between a Mechanical Resonator and a Fluxonium Superconducting Qubit

Nathan Lee, Yudan Guo, Agnetta Y. Cleland +10 more

We demonstrate strong dispersive coupling between a fluxonium superconducting qubit and a 690 megahertz mechanical oscillator, extending the reach of circuit quantum acousto-dynamics (cQAD) experiments into a new range of frequencies.We have engineered a qubit-phonon coupling rate of g ≈ 2π × 14 MHz, and achieved a dispersive interaction that exceeds the decoherence rates of both systems while the qubit and mechanics are highly nonresonant ( /g 10).Leveraging this strong coupling, we perform phonon-number-resolved measurements of the mechanical resonator and investigate its dissipation and dephasing properties.Our results demonstrate the potential for fluxonium-based hybrid quantum systems, and a path for developing new quantum sensing and information processing schemes with phonons at frequencies below 700 MHz to significantly expand the toolbox of cQAD.

arXiv:2304.13589•PRX Quantum•Dec 13, 2023•27 citations

Quantum acoustics with superconducting qubits

Yiwen Chu, Prashanta Kharel, William H. Renninger +4 more

Mechanical objects have important practical applications in the fields of quantum information and metrology as quantum memories or transducers for measuring and connecting different types of quantum systems. The field of electromechanics is in pursuit of a robust and highly coherent device that couples motion to nonlinear quantum objects such as superconducting qubits. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a high-frequency bulk acoustic wave resonator that is strongly coupled to a superconducting qubit using piezoelectric transduction with a cooperativity of 260. We measure qubit and mechanical coherence times on the order of 10 microseconds. Our device requires only simple fabrication methods and provides controllable access to a multitude of phonon modes. We demonstrate quantum control and measurement on gigahertz phonons at the single-quantum level.

arXiv:1703.00342•Science•Sep 22, 2017•487 citations

QUBIT COUPLED MECHANICAL RESONATOR IN AN ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEM

Y. L. Hao

This thesis describes the development of a hybrid quantum electromechanical system. In this system the mechanical resonator is capacitively coupled to a superconducting transmon which is embedded in a superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) cavity. The difficulty of achieving high quality of superconducting qubit in a high-quality voltage-biased cavity is overcome by integrating a superconducting reflective T-filter to the cavity. Further spectroscopic and pulsed measurements of the hybrid system demonstrate interactions between the ultra-high frequency mechanical resonator and transmon qubit. The noise of mechanical resonator close to ground state is measured by looking at the spectroscopy of the transmon. At last, fabrication and tests of membrane resonators are discussed.

•Jan 1, 2017•0 citations
Observing quantum phenomena in macroscopic objects, and the potential discovery of a fundamental limit in the applicability of quantum mechanics, has been a central topic of modern experimental physics. Highly coherent and heavy micromechanical oscillators controlled by superconducting circuits are a promising system for this task. Here we focus in particular on the electrostatic coupling of motion to a weakly anharmonic circuit, namely, the transmon qubit. In the case of a megahertz mechanical oscillator coupled to a gigahertz transmon, we explain the difficulties in bridging the large electromechanical frequency gap. To remedy this issue, we explore the requirements to reach phonon-number resolution in the resonant coupling of a megahertz transmon and a mechanical oscillator.
The ability to access a broad range of quantum states with mechanical oscillators has many applications and is an enduring ambition in the fields of opto- and electromechanics. However, as mechanical oscillators are linear at the quantum scale, arbitrary quantum control over them requires an extrinsic nonlinearity. In this thesis, I aim to provide this extrinsic nonlinearity and establish quantum control over the motion of a suspended aluminum disk by coupling it strongly to a superconducting qubit. To this end, I design and fabricate a device, when operated at its maximum coupling strength, could enable phonon-number-resolved measurements and arbitrary quantum control over the mechanical motion. However, limited by unclear reasons that break the qubit readout, I operate at approximately a quarter of the maximum coupling strength. Nevertheless, at this smaller coupling strength, I demonstrate the preparation of a non-Gaussian nonclassical state of motion.Because of the large coupling achieved in this work, the sideband transitions are phonon-number-sensitive, selectively altering the phonon populations in only a few Fock states. Using these phonon-number-sensitive sideband transitions, I dissipatively stabilize the mechanical oscillator into a highly-energized sub-Poissonian state, where its energy fluctuations are below the classical limit. This result represents a major step toward the long-time ambition of accessing a broad range of nonclassical states with macroscopic mechanical oscillators. Moreover, requiring neither number-resolution nor coherent control of the qubit, the dissipative stabilization technique demonstrated in this work also provides an accessible path toward preparing nonclassical states in other harmonic oscillators coupled to qubits.
Abstract Control over the quantum states of a massive oscillator is important for several technological applications and to test the fundamental limits of quantum mechanics. Addition of an internal degree of freedom to the oscillator could be a valuable resource for such control. Recently, hybrid electromechanical systems using superconducting qubits, based on electric-charge mediated coupling, have been quite successful. Here, we show a hybrid device, consisting of a superconducting transmon qubit and a mechanical resonator coupled using the magnetic-flux. The coupling stems from the quantum-interference of the superconducting phase across the tunnel junctions. We demonstrate a vacuum electromechanical coupling rate up to 4 kHz by making the transmon qubit resonant with the readout cavity. Consequently, thermal-motion of the mechanical resonator is detected by driving the hybridized-mode with mean-occupancy well below one photon. By tuning qubit away from the cavity, electromechanical coupling can be enhanced to 40 kHz. In this limit, a small coherent drive on the mechanical resonator results in the splitting of qubit spectrum, and we observe interference signature arising from the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg effect. With improvements in qubit coherence, this system offers a platform to realize rich interactions and could potentially provide full control over the quantum motional states.
Mechanical resonators are a promising way for interfacing qubits in order to realize hybrid quantum systems that offer great possibilities for applications. Mechanical systems can have very long energy lifetimes, and they can be further interfaced to other systems. Moreover, integration of a mechanical oscillator with qubits creates a potential platform for the exploration of quantum physics in macroscopic mechanical degrees of freedom. The utilization of high overtone bulk acoustic resonators coupled to superconducting qubits is an intriguing platform towards these goals. These resonators exhibit a combination of high-frequency and high-quality factors. They can reach their quantum ground state at dilution refrigeration temperatures and they can be strongly coupled to superconducting qubits via their piezoelectric effect. In this paper, we demonstrate our system where bulk acoustic phonons of a high overtone resonator are coupled to a transmon qubit in a planar circuit architecture. We show that the bulk acoustic phonons are interacting with the qubit in a simple design architecture at the quantum level, representing further progress towards the quantum control of mechanical motion.
We demonstrate strong dispersive coupling between a fluxonium superconducting qubit and a 690 megahertz mechanical oscillator, extending the reach of circuit quantum acousto-dynamics (cQAD) experiments into a new range of frequencies.We have engineered a qubit-phonon coupling rate of g ≈ 2π × 14 MHz, and achieved a dispersive interaction that exceeds the decoherence rates of both systems while the qubit and mechanics are highly nonresonant ( /g 10).Leveraging this strong coupling, we perform phonon-number-resolved measurements of the mechanical resonator and investigate its dissipation and dephasing properties.Our results demonstrate the potential for fluxonium-based hybrid quantum systems, and a path for developing new quantum sensing and information processing schemes with phonons at frequencies below 700 MHz to significantly expand the toolbox of cQAD.
Mechanical objects have important practical applications in the fields of quantum information and metrology as quantum memories or transducers for measuring and connecting different types of quantum systems. The field of electromechanics is in pursuit of a robust and highly coherent device that couples motion to nonlinear quantum objects such as superconducting qubits. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a high-frequency bulk acoustic wave resonator that is strongly coupled to a superconducting qubit using piezoelectric transduction with a cooperativity of 260. We measure qubit and mechanical coherence times on the order of 10 microseconds. Our device requires only simple fabrication methods and provides controllable access to a multitude of phonon modes. We demonstrate quantum control and measurement on gigahertz phonons at the single-quantum level.
This thesis describes the development of a hybrid quantum electromechanical system. In this system the mechanical resonator is capacitively coupled to a superconducting transmon which is embedded in a superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) cavity. The difficulty of achieving high quality of superconducting qubit in a high-quality voltage-biased cavity is overcome by integrating a superconducting reflective T-filter to the cavity. Further spectroscopic and pulsed measurements of the hybrid system demonstrate interactions between the ultra-high frequency mechanical resonator and transmon qubit. The noise of mechanical resonator close to ground state is measured by looking at the spectroscopy of the transmon. At last, fabrication and tests of membrane resonators are discussed.