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arXiv:2103.03784

NV$^{-}$ Diamond Laser

Alexander Savvin, Alexander E. Dormidonov, Evgeniya Smetanina, V. P. Mitrokhin, Lipatov, Evgeniy, D. E. Genin, S. А. Potanin, Alexander Yèlisseyev, Vins, Viktor

Published Mar 5, 2021• 0 citations
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Abstract

For the first time, lasing at NV$^{-}$ centers in an optically pumped diamond sample is achieved. A nanosecond train of 150-ps 532-nm laser pulses was used to pump the sample. The lasing pulses have central wavelength at 720 nm with a spectrum width of 20 nm, 1-ns duration and total energy around 10 nJ. In a pump-probe scheme, we investigate lasing conditions and gain saturation due to NV$^{-}$ ionization and NV$^{0}$ concentration growth under high-power laser pulse pumping of diamond crystal.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2103.03784

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NV−^{-}− Diamond Laser
For the first time, lasing at NV−^{-}− centers in an optically pumped diamond sample is achieved. A nanosecond train of 150-ps 532-nm laser pulses was used to pump the sample. The lasing pulses have central wavelength at 720 nm with a spectrum width of 20 nm, 1-ns duration and total energy around 10 nJ. In a pump-probe scheme, we investigate lasing conditions and gain saturation due to NV−^{-}− ionization and NV0^{0}0 concentration growth under high-power laser pulse pumping of diamond crystal.
In this paper, a brief overview of the main characteristics of lasers at NV centers in diamond is carried out. Currently, lasers at NV centers in a negative charge state generate pulsed laser radiation in the range of 714-720 nanometers with a duration of units of nanoseconds with a pulse energy of tens of microjoules and an efficiency of several percent. A significant increase in the efficiency and energy characteristics of NV lasers can be achieved through the use of multilayer reflective coatings on the faces of crystals as resonator mirrors. Lasers of this class have good prospects in the field of obtaining femtosecond pulses, since NV centers have a wide luminescence contour. Due to the high thermal conductivity of the diamond, they are able to provide generation with a high level of average power. To increase the pulse duration and transition to continuous generation, it is necessary to pump with a high level of average power. A possible solution would be injection pumping. This requires the creation of efficient light-emitting diamond electroconductive structures. In addition, the article presents new data on the study of spectral characteristics of the superluminescence of the NV centers of a diamond laser when the crystal is heated from 100 to 300 K. It is shown that the superluminescence band of such lasers actually consists of two spectral components that are not resolved at room temperature. The temperature behavior of these components is fundamentally different: the short-wave component practically does not change in intensity, while the long-wave component exponentially increases in intensity to 220 K, and then saturates and further decreases according to Mott's law. In addition, it was found that the maxima of these components experience a shift in the long-wavelength direction by about 6 meV when the temperature changes from 100 to 300 K. In the future, it is necessary to find out the exact nature and physical mechanisms of the detected phenomena, as well as to find their possible practical applications. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
In this paper, prospects of using diamond with NV− centers as a gain medium have been studied. Spectroscopic characterization of NV− centers in diamond as well as absorption saturation and pump-probe experiments have been carried out. Absorption and emission cross-sections were estimated to be 2.8 × 10-17 cm2 and 4.3 × 10-17 cm2 at the maximum of absorption and emission bands, respectively. It was observed from emission spectra under pulse excitation that some NV− are photoionized to NV0 centers with ZPL at 575 nm. Room temperature luminescence lifetime of NV− centers was measured to be 12ns, which is close to the previously reported lifetime in bulk diamond (~13ns). Saturated transmission was only about 11% of calculated values even at energy fluence much higher than the saturation flux. Two excited state absorptions (ESAs) with different relaxation times (“fast-decay” and “slow-decay with relaxation times of ~500 ns and several tens of microseconds, respectively) were revealed in transmission decay kinetics at 632 nm. Kinetics of transmission at 670 nm was dominated by “slow-decay” ESA process. Kinetics of dk/k0 in shorter wavelength were strongly dominated by “fast-decay” ESA process. These results definitively indicate that stimulated emission of NV− centers is suppressed by photoionization and ESAs and the possibility of diamond lasers based on NV− centers is low.
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We report on the spectroscopic and laser characterization of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) centers in diamond. Spectroscopic properties such as absorption and emission spectra as well as kinetics were studied, and parameters such as cross-sections and lifetimes were estimated. A vibronic band of NV0 with zero phonon line (ZPL) at 575 nm was detected under 532 nm pulsed excitation due to the photoionization of NV−. Transmission of 532 nm pump pulses saturate around ∼10%, which is much smaller than the theoretical level. Δk/k0 kinetics revealed slow recovery of NV− centers after photoionization under 532 nm pumping, which involved different relaxation channels depending on the probe beam wavelengths. Localization of the electrons in the metastable state of NV0 centers resulted in higher saturated transmission of 632 nm pump.