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arXiv:2102.08682 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Diffractive focusing of a uniform Bose–Einstein condensate

Patrick Boegel, Matthias Meister, Jan-Niclas Kirsten-Siemß, Naceur Gaaloul, Maxim A. Efremov, Wolfgang P. Schleich

Published Sep 22, 2021• 5 citations
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Abstract

We propose a straightforward implementation of the phenomenon of diffractive focusing with uniform atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. Both, analytical as well as numerical methods not only illustrate the influence of the atom-atom interaction on the focusing factor and the focus time, but also allow us to derive the optimal conditions for observing focusing of this type in the case of interacting matter waves.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/ac2ab6

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Abstract Motivated by the recent experimental realization of ultracold quantum gases in shell topology, we propose a straightforward implementation of matter-wave lensing techniques for shell-shaped Bose–Einstein condensates. This approach allows to significantly extend the free evolution time of the condensate shell after release from the trap and enables the study of novel quantum many-body effects on curved geometries. With both analytical and numerical methods we derive optimal parameters for realistic schemes to conserve the shell shape of the condensate for times up to hundreds of milliseconds.
We have observed the diffraction of a Bose-Einstein condensate of rubidium atoms on a vibrating mirror potential. The matter wave packet bounces back at normal incidence on a blue-detuned evanescent light field after a 3.6mm3.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mm}3.6mm free fall. The mirror vibrates at a frequency of 500kHz500\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}500kHz with an amplitude of 3nm3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}3nm. The atomic carrier and side bands are directly imaged during their ballistic expansion. The locations and the relative weights of the diffracted atomic wave packets are in very good agreement with the theoretical prediction of Henkel et al. [J. Phys. II 4, 1877 (1994)].