In this paper, we demonstrate novel relationships between quantum mechanics and the electromagnetic wave equation. In our approach, an invariant interference-dependent electromagnetic quantity, which we call "quantum rest mass", replaces the conventional role of the inertial rest mass. In the ensuing results, photons, during interference, move slower than the speed of light in vacuum, and possess de Broglie wavelength. Further, we use our electromagnetic approach to examine double-slit photon trajectories, and to arrive at the Schrodinger equation's results for a particle in an infinite square well potential.
In this paper, we demonstrate novel relationships between quantum mechanics and the electromagnetic wave equation. In our approach, an invariant interference-dependent electromagnetic quantity, which we call "quantum rest mass", replaces the conventional role of the inertial rest mass. In the ensuing results, photons, during interference, move slower than the speed of light in vacuum, and possess de Broglie wavelength. Further, we use our electromagnetic approach to examine double-slit photon trajectories, and to arrive at the Schrodinger equation's results for a particle in an infinite square well potential.
The theory of Quantum Electromagnetics presents a wave equation which is constructed, in compliance with Galilean transformations, for electromagnetic and matter waves. A fundamental feature entirely different from the principle of relativity is that the wave equation is referred specifically to the proposed local-ether frame. For electromagnetic wave, the local-ether wave equation accounts for a wide variety of experiments on propagation and interference. For matter wave, the wave equation leads to modifications of Schrodinger’s equation which in turn lead to a unified quantum theory of electromagnetic and gravitational forces in conjunction with the origin and the identity of inertial and gravitational mass. Further, it leads to modifications of the Lorentz force law and of Maxwell’s equations. Moreover, the wave equation leads to the dispersion of matter wave, from which the speed-dependence in the mass of a particle and in the wavelength, angular frequency, and quantum energy of a matter wave can be derived. The consequences of the wave equation are in accord with a wide variety of experiments that are commonly ascribed to the special relativity, the general relativity, the Lorentz mass-variation law, or to the de Broglie matter wave. Thereby, the local-ether wave equation unifies quantum mechanics, electromagnetics, and gravitation.
A wave equation complying with Galilean transformations is proposed for electromagnetic and matter waves. A fundamental feature entirely different from the principle of relativity is that the wave equation is referred specifically to the proposed local-ether frame. For electromagnetic wave, the local-ether wave equation accounts for a wide variety of experiments of propagation or interference. For matter wave, the wave equation leads to modifications of Schrodinger's equation which in turn lead to a unified quantum theory of electromagnetic and gravitational forces in conjunction with the identity of inertial and gravitational mass. Further, it leads to modifications of the Lorentz force law and of Maxwell's equations. Moreover, the wave equation leads to dispersion of matter wave, from which the speed-dependences in the mass of a particle and in the wavelength, angular frequency, and quantum energy of a matter wave are derived. The consequences of the wave equation are in accord with a wide variety of experiments which are commonly ascribed to the special relativity, the general relativity, the Lorentz mass-variation law, or to the de Broglie matter wavelength. Thereby, the local-ether wave equation unifies quantum mechanics, electromagnetics, and gravitation.
This paper reviews humanity's understanding of photons, the evolution of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics (QED), and analyzes their physical interpretations and philosophical implications. It attempts to uncover the true nature of photons by exploring possible hidden variables in the double-slit experiment. The wave-particle duality of photons, as posited by quantum mechanics, appears to me to lack verisimilitude. By designing a thought experiment involving a photon double-slit setup, I seek to falsify the notion that photons generate coherence, or so-called wave-function superposition, within the light field between the slits and the screen. This endeavour aims to demonstrate the pure particle nature of photons. This paper further explores the intrinsic relationship between electromagnetic waves and photons by examining the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. It posits that electromagnetic waves are fundamentally pure particle-waves. An analysis of QED elucidates the potential influence of photon momentum on photon interactions, an effect that could have profound implications for quantum information transmission. This paper explores the non-wave-particle duality of photons through the double-slit experiment and the double-slit observer experiment. The essence of photons is purely particle-like. The thought experiment of the photon double-slit experiment is pivotal in demonstrating that photons and other particles—such as electrons, atoms, and macromolecules—are purely particulate in nature. Moreover, in space, photons can interfere with each other's paths based on their momentum. This can simultaneously alter the trajectory of photons and even modify their velocity. That is to say, a photon beam possessing greater momentum may carry along a portion of photon beams with lesser momentum, propagating them over considerable distances. The wavelength of a light wave fundamentally represents the distance between consecutive photons as they queue and advance through space. A longer wavelength corresponds to a greater distance between photons, causing them to diverge more widely in space, as seen with radio waves. Conversely, a shorter wavelength implies closer proximity between photons, resulting in denser emission and a highly directional nature, as seen in gamma rays. Photons within the visible spectrum may occasionally transmit information bearing specific content. This information, conveyed via photons, can propagate over distances ranging from several metres to thousands of kilometres.
In this article, it is shown that if a particle is at rest and has some harmonic oscillation, then a traveling particle with a constant speed corresponds to a De Broglie Wave.In 1924, De Broglie proposed that particles of matter exhibit wave like behavior, the expression for which became fundamental in the creation of wave mechanics (quantum mechanics).The main equation for this is the Schrödinger equation, which in the case of free motion of a particle becomes the expression for the De Broglie wave.This hypothesis is supported by many early experiments on the diffraction of electrons, and later the development of modern physics.However until now, the origin of this hypothesis remains unclear.We show that the expression for the De Broglie wavelength can be obtained from a more general well-known concept, that any particle at rest has a corresponding harmonic oscillation that transforms into a wave of a moving particle with the help of relativistic change of coordinates (the Lorentz transformations).In this way, a De Broglie wave can be explained as a spacetime wave.
Quantum mechanics presently has many unanswered questions, paradoxes, and even outright logical contradictions. To make progress in understanding quantum mechanics, we begin by proposing that relativity be set aside in favor of an absolute aetherial theory. Once that step is taken, we can understand quantum collapse as a description of real wave-packets collapsing in a faster-than-light way. By assuming that a partially observable reality exists, we can then extend our analysis of wave-packets into the subquantum, and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle then follows from the Fourier uncertainty principle coupled with the de Broglie relation. Further progress in understanding quantum mechanics is possible by modifying the de Broglie and Planck relations. Those modifications lead to matter-waves moving at the speed of light rather than superluminally as presently theorized, and they allow the results of matter-wave two-slit experiments to be understood from any reference frame. A modified time-dependent Schrödinger Equation results from our modifications, but the spatial time-independent Schrödinger equation is retained.
The wave-particle duality for light has been well established by various experiments, such as Youngâs double slit experiment and the photoelectric effect. This led de Broglie to propose that a particle also has wave characteristics. Schrödinger further established the wave equation for a moving particle. Many times, quantum mechanics textbooks do not show how Schrödingerâs equation was developed in an intuitive manner that is appropriate at the undergraduate level. This article presents a new approach for introducing Schrödingerâs equation. This new approach starts with Maxwellâs equations and then applies the quantized energy of a light wave and special relativity. This more intuitive approach should help undergraduate students understand the origin of Schrödingerâs equation in a more natural way.