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arXiv:2102.03005 · Optics Express

Frequency correlated photon generation at telecom band using silicon nitride ring cavities

Zhenghao Yin, Kenta Sugiura, Hideaki Takashima, Ryo Okamoto, Feng Qiu, Shiyoshi Yokoyama, Shigeki Takeuchi

Published Jan 18, 2021• 25 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Frequency entangled photon sources are in high demand in a variety of optical quantum technologies, including quantum key distribution, cluster state quantum computation and quantum metrology. In the recent decade, chip-scale entangled photon sources have been developed using silicon platforms, offering robustness, large scalability and CMOS technology compatibility. Here, we report the generation of frequency correlated photon pairs using a 150-GHz silicon nitride ring cavity. First, the device is characterized for studying the phase matching condition during spontaneous four-wave mixing. Next, we evaluate the joint spectrum intensity of the generated photons and confirm the photon pair generation in a total of 42 correlated frequency mode pairs, corresponding to a bandwidth of 51.25 nm. Finally, the experimental results are analyzed and the joint spectral intensity is quantified in terms of the phase matching condition.

DOI
10.1364/oe.416165

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Frequency entangled photon sources are in high demand in a variety of optical quantum technologies, including quantum key distribution, cluster state quantum computation and quantum metrology. In the recent decade, chip-scale entangled photon sources have been developed using silicon platforms, offering robustness, large scalability and CMOS technology compatibility. Here, we report the generation of frequency correlated photon pairs using a 150-GHz silicon nitride ring cavity. First, the device is characterized for studying the phase matching condition during spontaneous four-wave mixing. Next, we evaluate the joint spectrum intensity of the generated photons and confirm the photon pair generation in a total of 42 correlated frequency mode pairs, corresponding to a bandwidth of 51.25 nm. Finally, the experimental results are analyzed and the joint spectral intensity is quantified in terms of the phase matching condition.
Frequency entangled photons have potential for various quantum applications. Recently, on-chip photon-pair sources made by CMOS compatible processes have attracted attention. In this paper, we report broadband generation of photon-pairs via a spontaneous four-wave mixing process using a CMOS compatible ring resonator. We performed frequency-correlation between the signal and idler photons by frequency-resolved coincidence detection and confirmed that the signal and idler photons are correlated over 59 frequency modes, a bandwidth of 23.6 nm, which are the largest numbers achieved to date. Furthermore, we reproduced the experimentally observed joint spectral intensity from the obtained transmission spectrum of the resonator involving the information of the dispersion of the device.
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Frequency-entangled photon pairs play a vital role in various quantum technologies, including quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum sensing. Broadening the bandwidth of frequency-entangled photon pairs enhances the performance of these technologies. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of the generation of ultra-broadband frequency-correlated photon pairs using a high-index contrast doped glass microring resonator fabricated on a silicon chip. The generated photon pairs exhibit frequency correlation between 106 mode pairs and 212 frequency combs in total, ranging from 1394.0 to 1745.9 nm with the bandwidth of 351.9 nm and covering the telecom E-, S-, C-, L-, and U-bands. The bandwidth of the photon pairs is more than three times larger than the record so far achieved with an on-chip microring resonator. This result will be useful for secure quantum communications and high-resolution quantum optical coherence tomography.
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Correlated photon-pair sources are key components for quantum computing, networking, and sensing applications. Integrated photonics has enabled chip-scale sources using nonlinear processes, producing high-rate entanglement with sub-100 microwatt power at telecom wavelengths. Many quantum systems operate in the visible or near-infrared ranges, necessitating broadband visible-telecom entangled-pair sources for connecting remote systems via entanglement swapping and teleportation. This study evaluates broadband entanglement generation through spontaneous four-wave mixing in various nonlinear integrated photonic materials, including silicon nitride, lithium niobate, aluminum gallium arsenide, indium gallium phosphide, and gallium nitride. We demonstrate how geometric dispersion engineering facilitates phase-matching for each platform and reveals unexpected results, such as robust designs to fabrication variations and a Type-1 cross-polarized phase-matching condition for III-V materials that expands the operational bandwidth. With experimentally attainable parameters, integrated photonic microresonators with optimized designs can achieve pair generation rates greater than ~1 THz/mW2^22.
The on-chip generation of optical quantum states will enable accessible advances for quantum technologies. We demonstrate that integrated quantum frequency combs (based on high-Q microring resonators made from a CMOS-compatible, high refractive-index doped-glass platform) can enable the generation of pure heralded single photons, cross-polarized photon pairs, as well as bi- and multi-photon entangled qubit states over a broad frequency comb covering the S, C, L telecommunications band, with photon frequencies corresponding to standard telecommunication channels spaced by 200 GHz. Exploiting a self-locked, intra-cavity excitation configuration, a highly-stable source of multiplexed heralded single photons is demonstrated, operating continuously for several weeks with less than 5% fluctuations. The photon bandwidth of 110 MHz is compatible with quantum memories, and high photon purity was confirmed through single-photon auto-correlation measurements. In turn, by simultaneously exciting two orthogonal polarization mode resonances, we demonstrate the first realization of type-II spontaneous FWM (in analogy to type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion), allowing the direct generation of orthogonally-polarized photon pairs on a chip. By using a double-pulse excitation, we demonstrate the generation of time-bin entangled photon pairs. We measure qubit entanglement with visibilities above 90%, enabling the implementation of quantum information processing protocols. Finally, the excitation field and the generated photons are intrinsically bandwidth-matched due to the resonant characteristics of the ring cavity, enabling the multiplication of Bell states and the generation of a four-photon time-bin entangled state. We confirm the generation of this four-photon entangled state through four-photon quantum interference.