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arXiv:2102.02863 · PRX Quantum

Dissipative Stabilization of Squeezing Beyond 3 dB in a Microwave Mode

Rémy Dassonneville, Réouven Assouly, Théau Peronnin, Aashish A. Clerk, Audrey Bienfait, Benjamin Huard

Published May 20, 2021• 47 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

While a propagating state of light can be generated with arbitrary squeezing by pumping a parametric resonator, the intraresonator state is limited to 3 dB of squeezing.Here, we implement a reservoir-engineering method to surpass this limit using superconducting circuits.Two-tone pumping of a three-wave-mixing element implements an effective coupling to a squeezed bath, which stabilizes a squeezed state inside the resonator.Using an ancillary superconducting qubit as a probe allows us to perform a direct Wigner tomography of the intraresonator state.The raw measurement provides a lower bound on the squeezing at about 6.7 ± 0.2 dB below the zero-point level.Further, we show how to correct for resonator evolution during the Wigner tomography and obtain a squeezing as high as 8.2 ± 0.8 dB.Moreover, this level of squeezing is achieved with a purity of 0.91 ± 0.09.

DOI
10.1103/prxquantum.2.020323

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While a propagating state of light can be generated with arbitrary squeezing by pumping a parametric resonator, the intraresonator state is limited to 3 dB of squeezing.Here, we implement a reservoir-engineering method to surpass this limit using superconducting circuits.Two-tone pumping of a three-wave-mixing element implements an effective coupling to a squeezed bath, which stabilizes a squeezed state inside the resonator.Using an ancillary superconducting qubit as a probe allows us to perform a direct Wigner tomography of the intraresonator state.The raw measurement provides a lower bound on the squeezing at about 6.7 ± 0.2 dB below the zero-point level.Further, we show how to correct for resonator evolution during the Wigner tomography and obtain a squeezing as high as 8.2 ± 0.8 dB.Moreover, this level of squeezing is achieved with a purity of 0.91 ± 0.09.
A dissipative method is proposed for generating the squeezed state of a microwave field in a superconducting transmission line resonator, which is coupled to a superconducting qubit. When the resonator is subject to the parametric driving, the qubit-resonator coupling can be exponentially enhanced. We show that the dissipation of the qubit as a resource can be used to produce and stabilize the single-mode squeezed state of the superconducting resonator at steady state. Compared with previous works, our scheme has the advantage that only a single drive is used for the quantum state preparation, which can simplify the experimental operations. Combined with the quantum interference effect, we also generalize our idea to the dissipative preparation of a two-mode squeezed state in two directly coupled superconducting resonators. The present work may have many potential applications in the field of quantum information processing with superconducting circuits.
We use a reservoir engineering technique based on two-tone driving to generate and stabilize a quantum squeezed state of a micron-scale mechanical oscillator in a microwave optomechanical system. Using an independent backaction-evading measurement to directly quantify the squeezing, we observe 4.7±0.9 dB of squeezing below the zero-point level surpassing the 3 dB limit of standard parametric squeezing techniques. Our measurements also reveal evidence for an additional mechanical parametric effect. The interplay between this effect and the optomechanical interaction enhances the amount of squeezing obtained in the experiment.
We propose a scheme to dissipatively stabilize superpositions of squeezed coherent states for single- and two-resonator modes in superconducting circuits, where a superconducting qubit is coupled to a single or two parametrically driven transmission-line resonators with different circuit designs. A modulated magnetic flux applied to the qubit can periodically break the inversion symmetry of the qubit and induce both the parametrically enhanced transverse and longitudinal couplings to the resonators, resulting in strong nonlinear two-photon interactions between the qubit and the resonators and enabling the scheme to be implemented in a relatively weak coupling regime. With an additional microwave drive applied to the qubit, the dissipation of the qubit used as a resource can help drive the resonators into the desired superpositions of squeezed coherent states at a steady state with high speed. Numerical simulations show that the target states with high fidelity and highly nonlinear properties can be created for a long time even in the presence of photon leakage out of the resonators. The scheme can be generalized to other quantum platforms and may have potential applications in the field of quantum information processing and the improvement of estimation precision in quantum metrology.
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We discuss how large amounts of steady-state quantum squeezing (beyond 3 dB) of a mechanical resonator can be obtained by driving an optomechanical cavity with two control lasers with differing amplitudes. The scheme does not rely on any explicit measurement or feedback, nor does it simply involve a modulation of an optical spring constant. Instead, it uses a dissipative mechanism with the driven cavity acting as an engineered reservoir. It can equivalently be viewed as a coherent feedback process, obtained by minimally perturbing the quantum nondemolition measurement of a single mechanical quadrature. This shows that in general the concepts of coherent feedback schemes and reservoir engineering are closely related. We analyze how to optimize the scheme, how the squeezing scales with system parameters, and how it may be directly detected from the cavity output. Our scheme is extremely general, and could also be implemented with, e.g., superconducting circuits.
Dissipation engineering offers a powerful tool for quantum technologies. Recently, new superconducting devices have achieved an engineered two-photon dissipation rate exceeding all other relevant timescales. In particular, they have proven most useful in preventing transitions between the logical states $|\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\alpha}⟩$ of a cat qubit. Here, we present three key applications of strong two-photon dissipation for quantum measurement and control, beyond cat qubit stabilization. Firstly, we demonstrate its efficacy in overcoming limitations encountered in Wigner tomography at high photon numbers. Secondly, we showcase its potential for realizing universal gates on cat qubits, exploiting the coherent mapping between cat qubit states and superpositions of 0 and 1 photons. Finally, we harness the transient dynamics of a cat state under two-photon dissipation to prepare squeezed cat states with a squeezing factor exceeding $3.96\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$ dB.