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arXiv:2101.12443

Ground state many-body quantum entanglement of frustrated transverse field models on square lattice

Vikas Vijigiri, K. G. Paulson, Saptarshi Mandal, A. M. Jayannavar

Published Jan 29, 2021• 0 citations
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Abstract

We study the ground state (GS) many-body quantum entanglement of two different transverse field models on a quasi-2D square lattice relevant to a Hydrogen-bonded crystal, i.e, squaric acid. We measure the genuine multipartite qubit-entanglement ($C_{\text{GME}}(ψ)$) of the ground state of very generic models with all the possible cases of exchange couplings considered under defect free and one lattice site defect conditions. Our results show that creation, decay of multipartite entanglement occur for different combinations of coupling strength. When frustration is maximum the system exhibits a peak in concurrence after a gradual increase from disentangled state at zero field followed by an asymptotic decay at large fields. In contrast, for a marginally frustrated (degenerate) case though the concurrence shows a peak, the entanglement is non-zero and large at zero fields. Our results discuss the sensitivity of the qubit-entanglement with underlying GS of varying degree of degeneracy. We conclude that despite of their similarities in ground state properties, yet we see a difference in the degree of entanglement between the two models. We conjecture this result could be due to the difference in the amount of degeneracy and the quantum ground states of both Hamiltonians that could dictate the results even in the thermodynamic limit.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2101.12443

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We study the ground state (GS) many-body quantum entanglement of two different transverse field models on a quasi-2D square lattice relevant to a Hydrogen-bonded crystal, i.e, squaric acid. We measure the genuine multipartite qubit-entanglement (CGME(ψ)C_{\text{GME}}(ψ)CGME​(ψ)) of the ground state of very generic models with all the possible cases of exchange couplings considered under defect free and one lattice site defect conditions. Our results show that creation, decay of multipartite entanglement occur for different combinations of coupling strength. When frustration is maximum the system exhibits a peak in concurrence after a gradual increase from disentangled state at zero field followed by an asymptotic decay at large fields. In contrast, for a marginally frustrated (degenerate) case though the concurrence shows a peak, the entanglement is non-zero and large at zero fields. Our results discuss the sensitivity of the qubit-entanglement with underlying GS of varying degree of degeneracy. We conclude that despite of their similarities in ground state properties, yet we see a difference in the degree of entanglement between the two models. We conjecture this result could be due to the difference in the amount of degeneracy and the quantum ground states of both Hamiltonians that could dictate the results even in the thermodynamic limit.
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We investigate the ground-state nature of the transverse field Ising model on the ${J}_{1}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{J}_{2}$ square lattice at the highly frustrated point J2/J1=0.5{J}_{2}/{J}_{1}=0.5J2​/J1​=0.5. At zero field, the model has an exponentially large degenerate classical ground state, which can be affected by quantum fluctuations for nonzero field toward a unique quantum ground state. We consider two types of quantum fluctuations, harmonic ones by using linear spin-wave theory (LSWT) with single-spin-flip excitations above a long-range magnetically ordered background and anharmonic fluctuations, by employing a cluster-operator approach (COA) with multispin cluster-type fluctuations above a nonmagnetic cluster-ordered background. Our findings reveal that the harmonic fluctuations of LSWT fail to lift the extensive degeneracy as well as signaling a violation of the Hellmann-Feynman theorem. However, the string-type anharmonic fluctuations of COA are able to lift the degeneracy toward a string valence-bond-solid (VBS) state, which is obtained from an effective theory consistent with the Hellmann-Feynman theorem as well. Our results are further confirmed by implementing numerical tree tensor network simulation. The emergent nonmagnetic string VBS phase is gapped and breaks lattice rotational symmetry with only twofold degeneracy, which bears a continuous quantum phase transition at $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}/{J}_{1}\ensuremath{\cong}0.50$ to the quantum paramagnet phase of high fields. The critical behavior is characterized by $\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\cong}1.0$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\cong}0.33$ exponents.
Frustration in quantum many body systems is quantified by the degree of incompatibility between the local and global orders associated, respectively, to the ground states of the local interaction terms and the global ground state of the total many-body Hamiltonian. This universal measure is bounded from below by the ground-state bipartite block entanglement. For many-body Hamiltonians that are sums of two-body interaction terms, a further inequality relates quantum frustration to the pairwise entanglement between the constituents of the local interaction terms. This additional bound is a consequence of the limits imposed by monogamy on entanglement shareability. We investigate the behavior of local pair frustration in quantum spin models with competing interactions on different length scales and show that valence bond solids associated to exact ground-state dimerization correspond to a transition from generic frustration, i.e. geometric, common to classical and quantum systems alike, to genuine quantum frustration, i.e. solely due to the non-commutativity of the different local interaction terms. We discuss how such frustration transitions separating genuinely quantum orders from classical-like ones are detected by observable quantities such as the static structure factor and the interferometric visibility.
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