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arXiv:2101.00206

Algebro-geometric approach to a fermion self-consistent field theory on coset space SU(m+n)/S(U(m) x U(n))

Seiya Nishiyama, João da Providência

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The integrability-condition method is regarded as a mathematical tool to describe the symmetry of collective sub-manifold. We here adopt the particle-hole representation. In the conventional time-dependent (TD) self-consistent field (SCF) theory, we take the one-form linearly composed of the TD SCF Hamiltonian and the infinitesimal generator induced by the collective-variable differential of canonical transformation on a group. Standing on the differential geometrical viewpoint, we introduce a Lagrange-like manner familiar to fluid dynamics to describe collective coordinate systems. We construct a geometric equation, noticing the structure of coset space SU(m+n)/S(U(m) x U(n)). To develop a perturbative method with the use of the collective variables, we aim at constructing a new fermion SCF theory, i.e., renewal of TD Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory by using the canonicity condition under the existence of invariant subspace in the whole HF space. This is due to a natural consequence of the maximally decoupled theory because there exists an invariant subspace, if the invariance principle of Schredinger equation is realized. The integrability condition of the TDHF equation determining a collective sub-manifold is studied, standing again on the differential geometric viewpoint. A geometric equation works well over a wide range of physics beyond the random phase approximation.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2101.00206

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The integrability-condition method is regarded as a mathematical tool to describe the symmetry of collective sub-manifold. We here adopt the particle-hole representation. In the conventional time-dependent (TD) self-consistent field (SCF) theory, we take the one-form linearly composed of the TD SCF Hamiltonian and the infinitesimal generator induced by the collective-variable differential of canonical transformation on a group. Standing on the differential geometrical viewpoint, we introduce a Lagrange-like manner familiar to fluid dynamics to describe collective coordinate systems. We construct a geometric equation, noticing the structure of coset space SU(m+n)/S(U(m) x U(n)). To develop a perturbative method with the use of the collective variables, we aim at constructing a new fermion SCF theory, i.e., renewal of TD Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory by using the canonicity condition under the existence of invariant subspace in the whole HF space. This is due to a natural consequence of the maximally decoupled theory because there exists an invariant subspace, if the invariance principle of Schredinger equation is realized. The integrability condition of the TDHF equation determining a collective sub-manifold is studied, standing again on the differential geometric viewpoint. A geometric equation works well over a wide range of physics beyond the random phase approximation.
The maximally-decoupled method has been considered as a theory to apply an basic idea of an integrability condition to certain multiple parametrized symmetries.The method is regarded as a mathematical tool to describe a symmetry of a collective submanifold in which a canonicity condition makes the collective variables to be an orthogonal coordinate-system.For this aim we adopt a concept of curvature unfamiliar in the conventional time-dependent (TD) self-consistent field (SCF) theory.Our basic idea lies in the introduction of a sort of Lagrange manner familiar to fluid dynamics to describe a collective coordinate-system.This manner enables us to take a one-form which is linearly composed of a TD SCF Hamiltonian and infinitesimal generators induced by collective variable differentials of a canonical transformation on a group.The integrability condition of the system read the curvature C = 0. Our method is constructed manifesting itself the structure of the group under consideration.To go beyond the maximaly-decoupled method, we have aimed to construct an SCF theory, i.e., υ (external parameter)-dependent Hartree-Fock (HF) theory.Toward such an ultimate goal, the υ-HF theory has been reconstructed on an affine Kac-Moody algebra along the soliton theory, using infinite-dimensional fermion.An infinite-dimensional fermion operator is introduced through a Laurent expansion of finite-dimensional fermion operators with respect to degrees of freedom of the fermions related to a υ-dependent potential with a Υ-periodicity.A bilinear equation for the υ-HF theory has been transcribed onto the corresponding τ -function using the regular representation for the group and the Schur-polynomials.The υ-HF SCF theory on an infinite-dimensional Fock space F ∞ leads to a dynamics on an infinite-dimensional Grassmannian Gr ∞ and may describe more precisely such a dynamics on the group manifold.A finite-dimensional Grassmannian is identified with a Gr ∞ which is affiliated with the group manifold obtained by reducting gl(∞) to sl(N ) and su(N ).As an illustration we will study an infinite-dimensional matrix model extended from the finite-dimensional su(2) Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model which is a famous exactly-solvable model.
The geometry of the self-consistent collective-coordinate (SCC) method formulated within the frame-work of the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory is investigated by associating the variational parameters with a symplectic manifold (a TDHF manifold). With the use of a canonical-variable parametrization, it is shown that the TDHF equation is equivalent to the canonical equations of motion in classical mechanics in the TDHF manifold. This enables us to investigate geometrical structure of the SCC method in the language of the classical mechanics. The SCC method turns out to give a prescription how to dynamically extract a “maximally-decoupled” collective submanifold (hypersurface) out of the TDHF manifold, in such a way that a certain kind of trajectories corresponding to the large-amplitude collective motion under consideration can be reproduced on the hypersurface as precisely as possible. The stability of the hypersurface at each point on it is investigated, in order to see whether the hypersurface obtained by the SCC method is really an approximate integral surface in the TDHF manifold or not.
In a slight different way from the previous one, we propose a modified non-Euclidean transformation on the [Formula: see text] Grassmannian which gives the projected [Formula: see text] Tamm–Dancoff equation. We derive a classical time-dependent (TD) [Formula: see text] Lagrangian which, through the Euler–Lagrange equation of motion for [Formula: see text] coset variables, brings another form of the previous extended-TD Hartree–Bogoliubov (HB) equation. The [Formula: see text] random phase approximation (RPA) is derived using Dyson representation for paired and unpaired operators. In the [Formula: see text] HB case, one boson and two boson excited states are realized. We, however, stress non-existence of a higher RPA vacuum. An integrable system is given by a geometrical concept of zero-curvature, i.e. integrability condition of connection on the corresponding Lie group. From the group theoretical viewpoint, we show the existence of a symplectic two-form [Formula: see text].
An induced representation of an SO(2N + 1) group has been obtained from a group extension of the SO(2N) Bogoliubov transformation for fermions to a new canonical transformation group. Embedding the SO(2N + 1) group into an SO(2N + 2) group and using the SO(2N + 2)/U(N + 1) coset variables, we develop an extended time dependent Hartree–Bogoliubov (TDHB) theory in which paired and unpaired modes are treated in an equal manner. The extended TDHB theory applicable to both even and odd fermion systems is a time dependent self-consistent field (TDSCF) theory with the same level of the mean field approximation as the usual TDHB theory for even fermion systems. We start from the Hamiltonian of the fermion system which includes, however, the Lagrange multiplier terms to select the physical spinor subspace. The extended TDHB equation is derived from the classical Euler–Lagrange equation of motion for the SO(2N + 2)/U(N + 1) coset variables in the TDSCF. The final form of the extended TDHB equation can be expressed through the variables as the representatives of the paired mode and the unpaired mode. We introduce the quasi anti-commutation relation approximation for the fermion. The parameters included in the Lagrangian multiplier terms are determined under the quasi anti-commutation relation approximation.
The applicability of the concept of “optimal” collective submanifold determined by the self-consistent collective-coordinate (SCC) method is investigated by using a simple model Hamiltonian. Long-time behavior of the SCC-method trajectories on the optimal collective submanifold is analyzed, by comparing the geometrical structure of the SCC-method trajectories with that of the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) trajectories in terms of the Poincaré-mapping method. The concept of the optimal collective submanifold determined by the SCC method turns out to be applicable for a fairly large domain of the TDHF manifold where the separatrix is not included, in the sense that it can represent an approximate time-averaged trajectory of the complicated TDHF trajectories.
In order to try to open a new scope to explore the mutual dependence between the single-particle and collective modes of motion near to the level crossing region, a general method is developed to investigate the nonlinear resonant structure of the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) manifold, without depending on the adiabatic assumption. By using the Lie canonical transformation method with the Deprit perturbation treatment, in this method, the maximal integrable-form representation of the TDHF manifold is introduced. This representation plays an essential role in exploring the nonlinear resonant structure of the TDHF manifold, which characterizes complex topology of the manifold. Aiming at relating the nonlinear resonance in the TDHF manifold with the dynamics between the single-particle and collective modes of motion near to the level crossing region, structure of the TDHF wave function in the nonlinear resonant region is investigated. It is clarified that an isolated nonlinear resonant region of the TDHF manifold is characterized by a local constant of motion (dynamical symmetry) and generates a new type of dynamical stable single-Slater-determinant states, which is topologically different from the TDHF states near the HF ground state, and cannot be reached by the conventional static Hartree-Fock method, constrained Hartree-Fock method, nor the adiabatic TDHF theories. One may expect that the appearance mechanism of the new dynamical stable single-Slater-determinant states gives us a new scope for understanding occurrence mechanism of a variety of collective sideband structure near to the level crossing region.