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arXiv:2012.12011 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Model wave functions for an interface between lattice Laughlin and Moore-Read states

Błażej Jaworowski, Anne E. B. Nielsen

Published May 26, 2021• 6 citations
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Abstract

We use conformal field theory to construct model wave functions for a gapless interface between lattice versions of a bosonic Laughlin state and a fermionic Moore-Read state, both at $\ensuremath{\nu}=1/2$. The properties of the resulting model state, such as particle density, correlation function, and R\'enyi entanglement entropy are then studied using the Monte Carlo approach. Moreover, we construct the wave functions also for anyonic excitations (quasiparticles and quasiholes). We study their density profile, charge, and statistics. We show that, similarly to the Laughlin-Laughlin case studied earlier, some anyons (the Laughlin Abelian ones) can cross the interface, while others (the non-Abelian ones) lose their anyonic character in such a process. Also, we argue that, under an assumption of local particle exchange, multiple interfaces give rise to a topological degeneracy, which can be interpreted as originating from Majorana zero modes.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.103.205149

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We use conformal field theory to construct model wave functions for a gapless interface between lattice versions of a bosonic Laughlin state and a fermionic Moore-Read state, both at \ensuremathν=1/2\ensuremath{\nu}=1/2\ensuremathν=1/2. The properties of the resulting model state, such as particle density, correlation function, and R'enyi entanglement entropy are then studied using the Monte Carlo approach. Moreover, we construct the wave functions also for anyonic excitations (quasiparticles and quasiholes). We study their density profile, charge, and statistics. We show that, similarly to the Laughlin-Laughlin case studied earlier, some anyons (the Laughlin Abelian ones) can cross the interface, while others (the non-Abelian ones) lose their anyonic character in such a process. Also, we argue that, under an assumption of local particle exchange, multiple interfaces give rise to a topological degeneracy, which can be interpreted as originating from Majorana zero modes.
We study the interfaces between lattice Laughlin states at different fillings. We propose a class of model wave functions for such systems constructed using conformal field theory. We find a nontrivial form of charge conservation at the interface, similar to the one encountered in the field theory works from the literature. Using Monte Carlo methods, we evaluate the correlation function and entanglement entropy at the border. Furthermore, we construct the wave function for quasihole excitations and evaluate their mutual statistics with respect to quasiholes originating on the same or the other side of the interface. We show that some of these excitations lose their anyonic statistics when crossing the interface, which can be interpreted as impermeability of the interface to these anyons. Contrary to most of the previous works on interfaces between topological orders, our approach is microscopic, allowing for a direct simulation of, e.g., an anyon crossing the interface. Even though we determine the properties of the wave function numerically, the closed-form expressions allow us to study systems too large to be simulated by exact diagonalization.
This work concerns Ising quasiholes in Moore-Read type lattice wave functions derived from conformal field theory. We commence with constructing Moore-Read type lattice states and then add quasiholes to them. By use of Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations, we analyze the features of the quasiholes, such as their size, shape, charge, and braiding properties. The braiding properties, which turn out to be the same as in the continuum Moore-Read state, demonstrate the topological attributes of the Moore-Read lattice states in a direct way. We also derive parent Hamiltonians for which the states with quasiholes included are ground states. One advantage of these Hamiltonians lies therein that we can now braid the quasiholes just by changing the coupling strengths in the Hamiltonian since the Hamiltonian is a function of the positions of the quasiholes. The methodology exploited in this article can also be used to construct other kinds of lattice fractional quantum Hall models containing quasiholes, for example, investigation of Fibonacci quasiholes in lattice Read-Rezayi states.
Since fractional statistics of Laughlin states is reflected in its topological degeneracy, it is natural to expect non-Abelian statistics to have some effect on topological degeneracy. To study the topological degeneracy of the Moore-Read nu = 5/2 quantum Hall state on a torus, we construct the wave functions of this state in the presence of two quasiholes [6]. These explicit wave functions allow us to compute the monodromy matrix that describes the effect of quasihole motion on the space of degenerate ground states. Our calculation provides a conformal field theory explanation of why certain transitions between ground states are forbidden. It is because taking a quasihole around a generator of the torus can change the fusion channel of the two quasiholes, and this requires a change of parity of the electron number in sonic of the ground states.
We study lattice wave functions obtained from the SU(2)1{}_{1}1​ Wess-Zumino-Witten conformal field theory. Following Moore and Read's construction, the Kalmeyer-Laughlin fractional quantum Hall state is defined as a correlation function of primary fields. By an additional insertion of Kac-Moody currents, we associate a wave function with each state of the conformal field theory. These wave functions span the complete Hilbert space of the lattice system. On the cylinder, we study global properties of the lattice states analytically and correlation functions numerically using a Metropolis Monte Carlo method. By comparing short-range bulk correlations, numerical evidence is provided that the states with one current operator represent edge states in the thermodynamic limit. We show that the edge states with one Kac-Moody current of lowest order have a good overlap with low-energy excited states of a local Hamiltonian, for which the Kalmeyer-Laughlin state approximates the ground state. For some states, exact parent Hamiltonians are derived on the cylinder. These Hamiltonians are SU(2) invariant and nonlocal with up to four-body interactions.
Strongly interacting topologically ordered many-body systems consisting of fermions or bosons can host exotic quasiparticles with anyonic statistics. This raises the question whether many-body systems of anyons can also form anyonic quasiparticles. Here we show that one can, indeed, construct many-anyon wave functions with anyonic quasiparticles. The braiding statistics of the emergent anyons are different from those of the original anyons. We investigate hole-type and particle-type anyonic quasiparticles in Abelian systems on a two-dimensional lattice and compute the density profiles and braiding properties of the emergent anyons by employing Monte Carlo simulations.