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arXiv:2012.09316 · Chaos Solitons & Fractals

Soliton dynamics of a high-density Bose-Einstein condensate subject to a time varying anharmonic trap

R. Flores-Calderón, Jorge Fujioka, A. Espinosa-Cerón

Published Jan 13, 2021• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110580

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A number of recent experiments with nearly pure atomic Bose-Einstein condensates have confirmed the predicted dark soliton oscillations when under harmonic trapping. However, a dark soliton propagating in an inhomogeneous condensate has also been predicted to be unstable to the emission of sound waves. Although harmonic trapping supports an equilibrium between the coexisting soliton and sound, we show that the ensuing dynamics are sensitive to trap anharmonicities. Such anharmonicities can break the soliton-sound equilibrium and lead to the net decay of the soliton on a considerably shorter time scale than other dissipation mechanisms. Thus, we propose that small realistic modifications to existing experimental setups could enable the experimental observation of this decay channel.
Abstract This study investigates the formation and dynamics of solitons in Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) within dark traps generated by two crossed Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams with varying azimuthal indices ℓ . As the index ℓ increases, the potential transitions from a harmonic trap when ℓ = 1 to a square-well potential for larger values of ℓ . This transition allows us to study a range of soliton dynamics under different confinement conditions while maintaining the same BEC volume. Through the derivation of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) and under these specific conditions in both one-dimensional and two-dimensional configurations, we explore the dynamics of solitons across multiple scenarios. The study examines two primary methods for solitons generation: the temporal modulation of the scattering length and the implementation of an initial potential barrier that is subsequently removed. The results indicate that the trap shape plays a critical role in the generation and interaction dynamics of solitons. In harmonic traps, solitons exhibit a behavior different from those observed in anharmonic traps, where the dynamics is significantly influenced by the azimuthal index of the trap. The ability to control soliton dynamics in BECs holds significant promise for applications in quantum technologies, precision sensing, and the exploration of fundamental quantum phenomena.