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arXiv:2011.04570 · Letters in Mathematical Physics

Maximal speed of quantum propagation

J. Arbunich, F. Pusateri, I. M. Sigal, A. Soffer

Published May 2, 2021• 16 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s11005-021-01397-y

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We prove a maximal velocity bound for the dynamics of Markovian open quantum systems. The dynamics is described by one-parameter semigroups of quantum channels satisfying the von Neumann–Lindblad equation. Our result says that dynamically evolving states are contained inside a suitable light cone up to polynomial errors. We also give a bound on the slope of the light cone, i.e. the maximal propagation speed. The result implies an upper bound on the speed of propagation of local perturbations of stationary states in open quantum systems.
Tracking the time evolution of a quantum state allows one to verify the thermalization rate or the propagation speed of correlations in generic quantum systems. Inspired by the energy-time uncertainty principle, bounds have been demonstrated on the maximal speed at which a quantum state can change, resulting in immediate and practical tasks. Based on a programmable superconducting quantum processor, we test the dynamics of various emulated quantum mechanical systems encompassing single- and many-body states. We show that one can test the known quantum speed limits and that modifying a single Hamiltonian parameter allows the observation of the crossover of the different bounds on the dynamics. We also unveil the observation of minimal quantum speed limits in addition to more common maximal ones, i.e., the lowest rate of change of a unitarily evolved quantum state. Our results show a comprehensive experimental characterization of quantum speed limits and enhance the understanding for their subsequent study in engineered non-unitary conditions. Quantum speed limits are fundamental constraints on the speed of quantum state evolution. Here, the authors observe the known maximal quantum speed limits for few and many-body states on a superconducting quantum processor and identify the minimal quantum speed limits, which are less common than maximal ones.
Tracking the time evolution of a quantum state allows one to verify the thermalization rate or the propagation speed of correlations in generic quantum systems. Inspired by the energy-time uncertainty principle, bounds have been demonstrated on the maximal speed at which a quantum state can change, resulting in immediate and practical tasks. Based on a programmable superconducting quantum processor, we test the dynamics of various emulated quantum mechanical systems encompassing single- and many-body states. We show that one can test the known quantum speed limits and that modifying a single Hamiltonian parameter allows the observation of the crossover of the different bounds on the dynamics. We also unveil the observation of minimal quantum speed limits in addition to more common maximal ones, i.e., the lowest rate of change of a unitarily evolved quantum state. Our results establish a comprehensive experimental characterization of quantum speed limits and pave the way for their subsequent study in engineered non-unitary conditions.