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arXiv:2011.03697 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Floquet state depletion in ac-driven circuit QED

Mingbo Chen, Bao‐Chuan Wang, Sigmund Kohler, Yuan Kang, Ting Chun Lin, Si‐Si Gu, Hai-Ou Li, Guang‐Can Guo, Xuedong Hu, H. W. Jiang, Gang Cao, Guo‐Ping Guo

Published May 28, 2021• 19 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We perform Floquet spectroscopy in a GaAs double quantum dot system coupled to a high-impedance superconducting resonator. By applying microwave-induced consecutive passages under a double-resonance condition, we observe Landau-Zener-St\"uckelberg-Majorana interference patterns that stem from a cavity-assisted interference pattern modified by the depletion of the ground state. Our experimental results reveal the stationary state behavior of a strongly driven two-level system and are consistent with the simulations based on our theoretical model. This study provides an excellent platform for investigating the dynamics of Floquet states in the presence of strong driving.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.103.205428

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We perform Floquet spectroscopy in a GaAs double quantum dot system coupled to a high-impedance superconducting resonator. By applying microwave-induced consecutive passages under a double-resonance condition, we observe Landau-Zener-St"uckelberg-Majorana interference patterns that stem from a cavity-assisted interference pattern modified by the depletion of the ground state. Our experimental results reveal the stationary state behavior of a strongly driven two-level system and are consistent with the simulations based on our theoretical model. This study provides an excellent platform for investigating the dynamics of Floquet states in the presence of strong driving.
We experimentally investigate a strongly driven GaAs double quantum dot charge qubit weakly coupled to a superconducting microwave resonator. The Floquet states emerging from strong driving are probed by tracing the qubit-resonator resonance condition. In this way, we probe the resonance of a qubit that is driven in an adiabatic, a nonadiabatic, or an intermediate rate, showing distinct quantum features of multiphoton processes and a fringe pattern similar to Landau-Zener-Stückelberg interference. Our resonant detection scheme enables the investigation of novel features when the drive frequency is comparable to the resonator frequency. Models based on the adiabatic approximation, rotating wave approximation, and Floquet theory explain our experimental observations.
We demonstrate amplification (and attenuation) of a probe signal by a driven two-level quantum system in the Landau-Zener-St\"uckelberg-Majorana regime by means of an experiment, in which a superconducting qubit was strongly coupled to a microwave cavity, in a conventional arrangement of circuit quantum electrodynamics. Two different types of flux qubit, specifically a conventional Josephson junctions qubit and a phase-slip qubit, show similar results, namely, lasing at the working points where amplification takes place. The experimental data are explained by the interaction of the probe signal with Rabi-like oscillations. The latter are created by constructive interference of Landau-Zener-St\"uckelberg-Majorana (LZSM) transitions during the driving period of the qubit. A detailed description of the occurrence of these oscillations and a comparison of obtained data with both analytic and numerical calculations are given.
Single-spin state evolution induced by the Landau-Zener-St\"uckelberg-Majorana (LZSM) interference in a Zeeman-spit four-level system in a periodically driven double quantum dot is studied theoretically by the Floquet stroboscopic method. An interplay between spin-conserving and spin-flip tunneling processes with the electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR) that is induced in an individual dot and enhanced by the LZSM multiple level crossings with the neighboring quantum dot is investigated as a function of the microwave (MW) frequency, driving amplitude, interdot detuning, and magnetic field. A number of special points in the parameter space are identified, out of which all three features are merged. Under this triple-crossing resonance condition, the interdot tunneling is combined with a fast spin evolution in each dot at the EDSR frequency. Harmonics of the EDSR are revealed in the spin-dependent tunneling maps versus variable magnetic field and MW frequency. The results are applicable for both electron and hole systems with strong spin-orbit interaction and may be useful for developing new time-efficient schemes of the spin control and readout in qubit devices.
Abstract Landau–Zener–Stückelberg–Majorana (LZSM) interference occurs when qubit parameters are periodically modulated across avoided level crossings. We explore this phenomenon in nonlinear multilevel bosonic systems, where interference is influenced by multiple energy levels. We fabricate two superconducting resonators with flux-tunable Josephson junction arrays. The first device, exhibiting weak nonlinearity, behaves like a linear resonator under weak driving but shows LZSM interference akin to two-level systems. With stronger driving, nonlinear effects alter the interference pattern. We theoretically demonstrate that merging LZSM peaks can lead to dissipative quantum chaos. In the second device, where nonlinearity exceeds photon-loss rates, we observe additional LZSM peaks from Kerr multiphoton resonances. Under Floquet theory, these resonances represent synthetic modes of coupled nonlinear cavities, revealing effective coupling as modulation parameters vary. Our findings advance the understanding of LZSM physics and emphasize the control of nonlinear Floquet states and the emergence of chaos in engineered systems, with significant implications for novel applications in quantum dynamics and quantum control.
We experimentally and theoretically study a driven hybrid circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) system beyond the dispersive coupling regime. Treating the cavity as part of the driven system, we develop a theory applicable to such strongly coupled and to multiqubit systems. The fringes measured for a single driven double quantum dot (DQD)-cavity setting and the enlarged splittings of the hybrid Floquet states in the presence of a second DQD are well reproduced with our model. This opens a path to study Floquet states of multiqubit systems with arbitrarily strong coupling and reveals a new perspective for understanding strongly driven hybrid systems.
We study Landau-Zener-St\"uckelberg (LZS) interferometry in a cQED architecture under the effects of dissipation. To be specific, we consider a superconducting qubit driven by a dc+ac\mathrm{dc}+\mathrm{ac}dc+ac signal and coupled to a transmission line resonator, but our results are valid for general qubit-resonators devices. To take the environment into account, we assume that the resonator is coupled to an Ohmic quantum bath. The Floquet-Born-Markov master equation is numerically solved to obtain the dynamics of the system for an arbitrary amplitude of the drive and different timescales. We unveil important differences in the resonant patterns between the strong coupling and ultrastrong coupling regimes in the qubit-resonator interaction, which are mainly due to the magnitude of photonic gaps in the energy spectrum of the system. We identify in the LZS patterns the contribution of the qubit gap and the photonic gaps, showing that for large driving amplitudes the patterns present a weaving structure due to the combined intercrossing of the different gaps contributions.