Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2010.06458

Quantum simulation of oscillating neutrinos

Abhishek Jha, Akshay Chatla, Bindu A. Bambah

Published Oct 13, 2020• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Two and three flavor oscillating neutrinos are shown to exhibit the properties bipartite and tripartite quantum entanglement. The two and three flavor neutrinos are mapped to qubit states used in quantum information theory. Such quantum bits of the neutrino state can be encoded on a IBMQ computer using quantum computing as a tool. We show the implementation of entanglement in the two neutrino system on the IBM quantum processor.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2010.06458

Related papers

Simulating Three-Flavor Neutrino Oscillations on an NMR Quantum Processor

Gayatri Singh, Arvind, Kavita Dorai

Neutrino oscillations can be efficiently simulated on a quantum computer using the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) theory in close analogy to the physical processes realized in experiments. We simulate three-flavor neutrino oscillations on a two-qubit NMR quantum information processor. The three-flavor neutrino states were encoded into the two-qubit system, leaving one redundant basis state (representing an unphysical sterile neutrino). We simulated the neutrino oscillations in different scenarios, including propagation in vacuum and through surrounding matter, and both with and without a CP violating phase $δ$ at a Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) baseline distance of L = 1285 km. The oscillation probabilities were obtained after unitarily time evolving the initial flavor state and and comparisons were performed between different scenarios. Further, we design and implement an optimized quantum circuit encoding all four parameters (three mixing angles-$θ_{12},θ_{23},θ_{13}$ and one complex phase $δ$) to implement the PMNS unitary matrix, which relates the flavor and mass eigenstates. The interaction with matter is considered as a perturbation to the vacuum Hamiltonian, and the same quantum circuit is employed with an approximation of two mixing angles ($θ_{12}$ and $θ_{13}$ ) and mass eigenvalues. Our experimental results match well with numerical simulations and highlight the potential of quantum computers for exploring the physics of neutrino oscillations.

arXiv:2412.15617•Dec 20, 2024•1 citation

Simulating three-flavor neutrino oscillations on a nuclear magnetic resonance quantum processor

Gayatri Singh, Kavita Dorai

Abstract Neutrino oscillations can be efficiently simulated on a quantum computer using the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) theory in close analogy to the physical processes realized in experiments. We simulate three-flavor neutrino oscillations on a two-qubit NMR quantum information processor. The three-flavor neutrino states were encoded into the two-qubit system, leaving one redundant basis state (representing an unphysical sterile neutrino). The neutrino oscillations were experimentally simulated in different scenarios, including propagation in vacuum and through surrounding matter, and both with and without a CP violating phase δ at a Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) baseline distance of L = 1285 km. The oscillation probabilities were obtained after unitarily time evolving the initial flavor state and comparisons were performed between different scenarios. The interaction with matter is considered as a perturbation to the vacuum Hamiltonian, and the same quantum circuit is employed with an approximation of two mixing angles (θ 12 and θ 13) and mass eigenvalues. Our experimental results match well with numerical simulations and highlight the potential of quantum computers for exploring the physics of neutrino oscillations.

Physica Scripta•Jul 10, 2025•1 citation

Neutrino oscillations in a quantum processor

Carlos A. Argüelles, B. J. P. Jones

In this paper the authors demonstrate the emulation of neutrino oscillations on a quantum processor, directly encoding three-neutrino flavor evolution onto the two-qubit system of a publicly available quantum computer and time-evolving the system analogously to the physical neutrino. Excellent agreement with with the standard classical calculation is found, and extensions to more complex systems including beyond-standard-model physics involving sterile neutrinos, anomalous decoherence, and matter effects are explored.

arXiv:1904.10559•Physical Review Research•Dec 13, 2019•31 citations

Flavor entanglement in neutrino oscillations in the wave packet description

Massimo Blasone A, Fabio Dell’Anno, Silvio De Siena +1 more

The wave packet approach to neutrino oscillations provides an enlightening description of quantum decoherence induced, during propagation, by localization effects. Within this approach, we show that a deeper insight into the dynamical aspects of particle mixing can be obtained if one investigates the behavior of quantum correlations associated to flavor oscillations. By identifying the neutrino three-flavor modes with (suitably defined) three-qubit modes, the exploitation of tools of quantum information theory for mixed states allows a detailed analysis of the dynamical behavior of flavor entanglement during free propagation. This provides further elements leading to a more complete understanding of the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations, and a basis for possible applicative implementations. The analysis is carried out by studying the distribution of the flavor entanglement; to this aim, we perform combined investigations of the behaviors of the two-flavor concurrence and of the logarithmic negativities associated with specific bipartitions of the three flavors.

arXiv:1510.06761•Europhysics Letters (EPL)•Oct 1, 2015•42 citations

Quantum simulation of neutrino oscillations with bosonic encoding

Sandeep Joshi

Superconducting qubits offer a versatile platform for quantum simulation. In this architecture, quantum information can be encoded in the bosonic modes of a microwave cavity, offering an alternative to conventional qubit-based encoding schemes. These cavity bosonic modes can be manipulated using a single ancillary qubit. In this work, we investigate the quantum simulation of two- and three-flavor neutrino oscillations using Fock-basis encoding of a cavity mode. We design pulse sequences for implementing the required unitary operations through selective number-dependent arbitrary phase (SNAP) and displacement gates. Pulse-level control is employed to realize high-fidelity gate operations on the encoded cavity mode. The resulting neutrino oscillation probabilities obtained from quantum simulation exhibit close agreement with the corresponding theoretical predictions, demonstrating the feasibility of cavity-based bosonic encoding schemes for quantum simulation.

quant-pharXiv:2606.18755•Jun 18, 2026•0 citations

Scalable qubit representations of neutrino mixing matrices

M. J. Molewski, B. J. P. Jones

Oscillating neutrino beams exhibit quantum coherence over distances of thousands of kilometers. Their unambiguously quantum nature suggests an appealing test system for direct quantum simulation. Such techniques may enable presently analytically intractable calculations involving multineutrino entanglements, such as collective neutrino oscillations in supernovas, but only once oscillation phenomenology is properly reexpressed in the language of quantum circuits. Here we resolve outstanding conceptual issues regarding encoding of arbitrarily mixed neutrino flavor states in the Hilbert space of an n-qubit quantum computer. We introduce algorithms to encode mixing and oscillation of any number of flavor-mixed neutrinos, both with and without $CP$-violation, with an efficient number of prescriptive input parameters in terms of subrotations of the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix in standard form. Examples encoded for an IBM-Q quantum computer are shown to converge to analytic predictions both with and without $CP$-violation.

arXiv:2111.05401•Physical review. D/Physical review. D.•Mar 29, 2022•15 citations
Two and three flavor oscillating neutrinos are shown to exhibit the properties bipartite and tripartite quantum entanglement. The two and three flavor neutrinos are mapped to qubit states used in quantum information theory. Such quantum bits of the neutrino state can be encoded on a IBMQ computer using quantum computing as a tool. We show the implementation of entanglement in the two neutrino system on the IBM quantum processor.
Neutrino oscillations can be efficiently simulated on a quantum computer using the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) theory in close analogy to the physical processes realized in experiments. We simulate three-flavor neutrino oscillations on a two-qubit NMR quantum information processor. The three-flavor neutrino states were encoded into the two-qubit system, leaving one redundant basis state (representing an unphysical sterile neutrino). We simulated the neutrino oscillations in different scenarios, including propagation in vacuum and through surrounding matter, and both with and without a CP violating phase δδδ at a Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) baseline distance of L = 1285 km. The oscillation probabilities were obtained after unitarily time evolving the initial flavor state and and comparisons were performed between different scenarios. Further, we design and implement an optimized quantum circuit encoding all four parameters (three mixing angles-θ12,θ23,θ13θ_{12},θ_{23},θ_{13}θ12​,θ23​,θ13​ and one complex phase δδδ) to implement the PMNS unitary matrix, which relates the flavor and mass eigenstates. The interaction with matter is considered as a perturbation to the vacuum Hamiltonian, and the same quantum circuit is employed with an approximation of two mixing angles (θ12θ_{12}θ12​ and θ13θ_{13}θ13​ ) and mass eigenvalues. Our experimental results match well with numerical simulations and highlight the potential of quantum computers for exploring the physics of neutrino oscillations.
Abstract Neutrino oscillations can be efficiently simulated on a quantum computer using the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) theory in close analogy to the physical processes realized in experiments. We simulate three-flavor neutrino oscillations on a two-qubit NMR quantum information processor. The three-flavor neutrino states were encoded into the two-qubit system, leaving one redundant basis state (representing an unphysical sterile neutrino). The neutrino oscillations were experimentally simulated in different scenarios, including propagation in vacuum and through surrounding matter, and both with and without a CP violating phase δ at a Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) baseline distance of L = 1285 km. The oscillation probabilities were obtained after unitarily time evolving the initial flavor state and comparisons were performed between different scenarios. The interaction with matter is considered as a perturbation to the vacuum Hamiltonian, and the same quantum circuit is employed with an approximation of two mixing angles (θ 12 and θ 13) and mass eigenvalues. Our experimental results match well with numerical simulations and highlight the potential of quantum computers for exploring the physics of neutrino oscillations.
In this paper the authors demonstrate the emulation of neutrino oscillations on a quantum processor, directly encoding three-neutrino flavor evolution onto the two-qubit system of a publicly available quantum computer and time-evolving the system analogously to the physical neutrino. Excellent agreement with with the standard classical calculation is found, and extensions to more complex systems including beyond-standard-model physics involving sterile neutrinos, anomalous decoherence, and matter effects are explored.
The wave packet approach to neutrino oscillations provides an enlightening description of quantum decoherence induced, during propagation, by localization effects. Within this approach, we show that a deeper insight into the dynamical aspects of particle mixing can be obtained if one investigates the behavior of quantum correlations associated to flavor oscillations. By identifying the neutrino three-flavor modes with (suitably defined) three-qubit modes, the exploitation of tools of quantum information theory for mixed states allows a detailed analysis of the dynamical behavior of flavor entanglement during free propagation. This provides further elements leading to a more complete understanding of the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations, and a basis for possible applicative implementations. The analysis is carried out by studying the distribution of the flavor entanglement; to this aim, we perform combined investigations of the behaviors of the two-flavor concurrence and of the logarithmic negativities associated with specific bipartitions of the three flavors.
Superconducting qubits offer a versatile platform for quantum simulation. In this architecture, quantum information can be encoded in the bosonic modes of a microwave cavity, offering an alternative to conventional qubit-based encoding schemes. These cavity bosonic modes can be manipulated using a single ancillary qubit. In this work, we investigate the quantum simulation of two- and three-flavor neutrino oscillations using Fock-basis encoding of a cavity mode. We design pulse sequences for implementing the required unitary operations through selective number-dependent arbitrary phase (SNAP) and displacement gates. Pulse-level control is employed to realize high-fidelity gate operations on the encoded cavity mode. The resulting neutrino oscillation probabilities obtained from quantum simulation exhibit close agreement with the corresponding theoretical predictions, demonstrating the feasibility of cavity-based bosonic encoding schemes for quantum simulation.
Oscillating neutrino beams exhibit quantum coherence over distances of thousands of kilometers. Their unambiguously quantum nature suggests an appealing test system for direct quantum simulation. Such techniques may enable presently analytically intractable calculations involving multineutrino entanglements, such as collective neutrino oscillations in supernovas, but only once oscillation phenomenology is properly reexpressed in the language of quantum circuits. Here we resolve outstanding conceptual issues regarding encoding of arbitrarily mixed neutrino flavor states in the Hilbert space of an n-qubit quantum computer. We introduce algorithms to encode mixing and oscillation of any number of flavor-mixed neutrinos, both with and without CPCPCP-violation, with an efficient number of prescriptive input parameters in terms of subrotations of the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix in standard form. Examples encoded for an IBM-Q quantum computer are shown to converge to analytic predictions both with and without CPCPCP-violation.