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arXiv:2009.05512 · PRX Quantum

Quantum State Complexity in Computationally Tractable Quantum Circuits

Jason Iaconis

Published Feb 23, 2021• 38 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Using an approach based on the synergy between the techniques of quantum information and many-body physics, a study of quantum circuits indicates that the quality of being classically simulated can coexist with having high complexity.
DOI
10.1103/prxquantum.2.010329

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Quantum circuits—built from local unitary gates and local measurements—are a new playground for quantum many-body physics and a tractable setting to explore universal collective phenomena far from equilibrium. These models have shed light on longstanding questions about thermalization and chaos, and on the underlying universal dynamics of quantum information and entanglement. In addition, such models generate new sets of questions and give rise to phenomena with no traditional analog, such as dynamical phase transitions in quantum systems that are monitored by an external observer. Quantum circuit dynamics is also topical in view of experimental progress in building digital quantum simulators that allow control of precisely these ingredients. Randomness in the circuit elements allows a high level of theoretical control, with a key theme being mappings between real-time quantum dynamics and effective classical lattice models or dynamical processes. Many of the universal phenomena that can be identified in this tractable setting apply to much wider classes of more structured many-body dynamics.