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arXiv:2009.04940 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Investigation of the noise figure in a degenerate dual-pump phase-sensitive amplifier using a multi-wave model

Yousra Bouasria, Debanuj Chatterjee, Weilin Xie, Ihsan Fsaifes, Fabienne Goldfarb, Y. Hassouni, Fabien Bretenaker

Published Jul 16, 2020• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A semi-classical seven-wave model is developed to investigate the noise performances of a degenerate dual-pump phase-sensitive amplifier. This approach takes into account the transfer to the signal, through multiple four-wave mixing processes, of the vacuum fluctuations injected into high-order waves. This effect leads to a degradation of the noise figure of the amplifier with respect to the 0 dB value predicted by the usual three-wave model. However, it is proved that a careful choice of the fiber dispersion allows us to use high-order waves to enhance the signal gain without degrading the noise figure above 1 dB.

DOI
10.1364/josab.400604

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arXiv:2012.09031•Journal of Optics•Dec 15, 2020•1 citation
A semi-classical seven-wave model is developed to investigate the noise performances of a degenerate dual-pump phase-sensitive amplifier. This approach takes into account the transfer to the signal, through multiple four-wave mixing processes, of the vacuum fluctuations injected into high-order waves. This effect leads to a degradation of the noise figure of the amplifier with respect to the 0 dB value predicted by the usual three-wave model. However, it is proved that a careful choice of the fiber dispersion allows us to use high-order waves to enhance the signal gain without degrading the noise figure above 1 dB.
Phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) based on nonlinear parametric interaction provides low-noise amplification such that the noise figure can be 0 dB in principle. However, when an optical fiber is used as a nonlinear medium for PSA, multiple four-wave-mixing (FWM) processes other than the PSA process are induced, which can degrade the PSA noise performance, especially in dual-pump PSA with a narrow signal-pump wavelength separation. This paper investigates the influence of multiple FWM processes on quantum noise of dual-pump PSA in an optical fiber. The noise figure is calculated using quantum-mechanical operators, considering multiple FWM processes with the PSA process. Calculation examples are also presented, which indicate that the noise figure is degraded by 0.2–0.4 dB from the ideal 0 dB, depending on the signal-pump wavelength separation and fiber parameters.
The noise properties of phase sensitive amplifiers based on degenerate four-wave mixing in optical fibers are studied taking into account the quantum noise amplification, the amplitude and phase noise properties of the pump sources. An analytical tool is presented for the direct calculation of the amplifier noise figure also verified by extensive numerical simulations. The signal power dependence of noise figure is both analytically and numerically accented. The need for high speed and precise phase locking is also revealed in order to diminish the effect of phase noise on the noise properties of the amplifier.
Dual-pump fiber optical parametric amplifiers offer wide, flat gain spectra across arbitrary wavelengths, often outperforming the use of single-pump designs. However, gain flatness depends on the pump frequencies’ center of gravity relative to the nonlinear fiber’s zero-dispersion wavelength. This study experimentally investigated the gain, gain flatness, and noise figure of degenerate dual-pump fiber-optic phase-sensitive amplification at various separations between these points. We demonstrated 38 dB gain with 1.5 dB gain flatness variation over a 30 nm bandwidth as well as a noise figure below the conventional 3 dB quantum limit for a degenerate signal.
We propose a new architecture of phase sensitive optical frequency converter based on dual-pump phase sensitive amplification in a highly nonlinear fiber. This frequency converter allows generation of extra tones through nonlinear four-wave mixing between two strong pumps and an input tone. The frequency channel to which the input tone is converted can be chosen by adjusting the phase of the input signal. The conversion efficiency and extinction ratio of this frequency converter are predicted and optimized and its noise figure is calculated using a numerical approach based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. A semi-classical noise figure calculation for this approach was used and validated using an analytical fully quantum calculation based on the multi-wave model.
Semi-classical noise characteristics are derived for the cascade of a non-degenerate phase-insensitive (PI) and a phase-sensitive (PS) fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA). The analysis is proved to be consistent with the quantum theory under the large-photon number assumption. Based on this, we show that the noise figure (NF) of the PS-FOPA at the second stage can be obtained via relative-intensity-noise (RIN) subtraction method after averaging the signal and idler NFs. Negative signal and idler NFs are measured, and <2 dB NF at >16 dB PS gain is estimated when considering the combined signal and idler input, which is believed to be the lowest measured NF of a non-degenerate PS amplifier to this date. The limitation of the RIN subtraction method attributed to pump transferred noise and Raman phonon induced noise is also discussed.
Abstract Phase sensitive amplifiers (PSA), contrary to usual phase insensitive amplifiers (PIA), are in principle capable to achieve noiseless amplification, i.e. exhibit a quantum-limited noise figure (NF) of 0 db. When implemented using four-wave mixing (FWM) in a non-linear fibre, extra waves can be generated by undesired FWM processes, which may introduce extra input ports for vacuum fluctuations, thus potentially degrading the NF. In this situation, we give here a general analytical quantum derivation of the PSA NF, valid for an arbitrary number of nonlinearly coupled modes. This expression is usable as soon as a linear input-output relation can be found for the annihilation and creation operators of the involved modes. It predicts that the noise level depends on the number of interacting waves. We illustrate the usefulness of this expression in the case of six waves, corresponding to four interacting quantum modes. In this example the signal NF is degraded by 0.4 db, compared to 10 db obtained for PIA operation of the same scheme.