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arXiv:2008.07316 · Physical Review A

Dynamical hysteresis properties of the driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model with a Gutzwiller Monte Carlo approach

Dolf Huybrechts, Michiel Wouters

Published Nov 5, 2020• 21 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study the dynamical properties of a driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model in the strongly interacting regime through a quantum trajectory approach with a cluster Gutzwiller Ansatz for the wave function. This allows us to take classical and quantum correlations into account. By studying the dynamical hysteresis surface that arises by sweeping through the coherent driving strength we show that the phase diagram for this system is in qualitative correspondence with the Gutzwiller mean-field result. However, quantitative differences are present and the inclusion of classical and quantum correlations causes a significant shift of the critical parameters. Additionally, we show that approximation techniques relying on a unimodal distribution such as the mean field and $1/z$ expansion drastically underestimate the particle number fluctuations. Finally, we show that a proposed mapping of the driven-dissipative many-body Bose-Hubbard model onto a single driven-dissipative Kerr model is not accurate for parameters in the hysteresis regime.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.102.053706

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We study the dynamical properties of a driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model in the strongly interacting regime through a quantum trajectory approach with a cluster Gutzwiller Ansatz for the wave function. This allows us to take classical and quantum correlations into account. By studying the dynamical hysteresis surface that arises by sweeping through the coherent driving strength we show that the phase diagram for this system is in qualitative correspondence with the Gutzwiller mean-field result. However, quantitative differences are present and the inclusion of classical and quantum correlations causes a significant shift of the critical parameters. Additionally, we show that approximation techniques relying on a unimodal distribution such as the mean field and 1/z1/z1/z expansion drastically underestimate the particle number fluctuations. Finally, we show that a proposed mapping of the driven-dissipative many-body Bose-Hubbard model onto a single driven-dissipative Kerr model is not accurate for parameters in the hysteresis regime.
We examine theoretically the driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard dimer in the optical bistable regime. Various approximation schemes based on a Gutzwiller mean-field decoupling are applied and compared. Depending on the system parameters, we show that a decoupling with respect to the real space or to the reciprocal space can be more accurate. The Gutzwiller decoupling is applied both at the level of the density matrix and for the wave function during a quantum trajectory simulation. The latter is shown to be a more accurate approximation. A Gaussian approximation for the nonhomogeneous antibonding mode is also explored. We also show that entanglement in this system is witnessed by squeezing in reciprocal space.
We study the influence of short-range quantum correlations and classical spatial correlations on the phase diagram of the dissipative XYZ model by using a Gutzwiller Monte Carlo method and a cluster Gutzwiller ansatz for the wave function. Considering lattices of finite size we confirm the emergence of a region with ferromagnetic correlations and two paramagnetic regions and show the emergence of a region with a buildup of ferromagnetic correlations completely missed by mean-field theory. The inclusion of short-range quantum correlations causes drastic alterations of the mean-field correlation functions but our results show that the inclusion of long-range quantum correlations or the use of more sophisticated methods is needed to quantitatively match the exact results. A study of the susceptibility tensor shows that reciprocity is broken, a feature not observed in closed quantum systems. Furthermore, increasing the magnetic field suppresses the magnetization; this is also in contrast with closed quantum systems.
We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics and steady-state properties of a driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard chain using a self-consistent Gutzwiller mean-field (GMF) approach. By employing a robust Picard iteration scheme, we solve the non-linear master equation for the non-equilibrium steady state (NESS) in the presence of strong Kerr nonlinearity. We identify two distinct dynamical regimes governed by the interplay between coherent drive, dissipation, and interaction: a regular quasilinear regime and a chaotic regime. Linear stability analysis reveals that the transition to the chaotic regime is triggered by parametric instabilities arising from the drive-induced coherence. Furthermore, we characterize the onset of quantum chaos by calculating the out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC). Our results show that in the strong coupling regime, the OTOC exhibits rapid exponential growth and saturation, providing a clear signature of information scrambling in this open quantum system. The proposed numerical framework offers an efficient pathway to explore many-body correlations in larger photonic lattices.
We study the effects of quantum fluctuations in the two-component Bose-Hubbard model generalizing to mixtures the quantum Gutzwiller approach introduced recently in [Phys. Rev. Research 2, 033276 (2020)]. As a basis for our study, we analyze the mean-field ground-state phase diagram and spectrum of elementary excitations, with particular emphasis on the quantum phase transitions of the model. Within the quantum critical regimes, we address both the superfluid transport properties and the linear response dynamics to density and spin probes of direct experimental relevance. Crucially, we find that quantum fluctuations have a dramatic effect on the drag between the superfluid species of the system, particularly in the vicinity of the paired and antipaired phases absent in the usual one-component Bose-Hubbard model. Additionally, we analyse the contributions of quantum corrections to the one-body coherence and density/spin fluctuations from the perspective of the collective modes of the system, providing results for the few-body correlations in all the regimes of the phase diagram.
The present Thesis aims to deepen the understanding of the physics of strongly-correlated systems along diverse directions with a common denominator, namely a focus on the physical role played by the collective modes shaping quantum many-body correlations. This investigation has been mostly led through the heuristic application of the Quantum Gutzwiller Approach, a recently developed theory of the quantised excitations above the Gutzwiller approximation for strongly-interacting systems on a lattice. In the first place, the intertwining between quantum correlations and collective effects is explored in the context of Bose-Hubbard models, intended both as simple yet highly non-trivial realisations of complex many-body scenarios, and as controllable environments for the quantum simulation of impurity problems. In particular, we are able to provide a comprehensive and semi-analytical description of quantum fluctuations across the critical regimes induced by the proximity of a Mott transition (Mottness), ranging from accurate predictions for the superfluid density and pair correlations across quantum critical regimes to the Andreev-Bashkin effect in a two-component bosonic mixture. As case studies for the effectiveness and flexibility of our approach, we give a detailed account of the rich behaviours of a quantum impurity, either fixed or itinerant, immersed in a Bose-Hubbard environment, showing that both the decoherence dynamics of spinful particle and the resulting Bose polaron in the second case are extremely sensitive probes of the type of critical fluctuations experienced by the surrounding system. Additionally, we extend our analysis of quantum fluctuations to the Fermi-Hubbard model, where we uncover the interplay between low-energy quasiparticles and bosonic elementary excitations in determining two-particle correlations. A more complex physical scenario addressed in this Thesis is represented by driven-dissipative interacting systems, which find a state-of-the-art technological implementation in circuit QED platforms, among others. Inspired by the experimental interest in these systems as a potential toolbox for the generation of exotic quantum states of light, we consider a strongly-correlated fluid of photons on a lattice stabilised via incoherent drive and dissipation, and examine its collective fluctuations across the out-of-equilibrium insulator-to-superfluid transition of the system. Specifically, establishing a conceptual parallelism with our approach to fluctuations at equilibrium, we develop a linear-response theory of the excitations on top of the Gutzwiller stationary state of the Lindblad dynamics, and characterise their physical role in quantum observables and response functions. Taking advantage of our formalism, we describe also dynamical instabilities and novel physical regimes arising in the ultrastrong coupling limit of the superfluid phase. Among the most remarkable results, we bring to light the paradoxical nature of the Mott-like insulating phase of the system, whose peculiar one-body dynamical fluctuations are shown to echo the behaviour of a lasing state. Encompassing diverse modern domains of many-body physics, our investigation goes in the direction of solidifying the interpretation of collective modes as fundamental actors in correlation-induced phenomena under a unified physical picture.
We explore theoretically the dynamical properties of a first-order dissipative phase transition in coherently driven Bose-Hubbard systems, describing, e.g., lattices of coupled nonlinear optical cavities. Via stochastic trajectory calculations based on the truncated Wigner approximation, we investigate the dynamical behavior as a function of system size for one-dimensional (1D) and 2D square lattices in the regime where mean-field theory predicts nonlinear bistability. We show that a critical slowing down emerges for increasing number of sites in 2D square lattices, while it is absent in 1D arrays. We characterize the peculiar properties of the collective phases in the critical region.