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arXiv:2008.05306 · Physical Review A

Doppler-Raman crossover in resonant scattering by a moving layer

A. V. Poshakinskiy, Alexander N. Poddubny, Николай Алексеевич Гиппиус

Published Oct 23, 2020• 1 citation
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Abstract

We consider theoretically light scattering by a resonant layer that periodically moves in real space. At small frequencies of motion the scattered light spectrum reveals the frequency shift that is governed by the Doppler effect. At higher motion frequencies, the scattered light spectra acquire sidebands stemming from the Raman effect. We investigate the crossover between these two regimes and propose a realistic quantum well structure for its observation.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.102.043523

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We consider theoretically light scattering by a resonant layer that periodically moves in real space. At small frequencies of motion the scattered light spectrum reveals the frequency shift that is governed by the Doppler effect. At higher motion frequencies, the scattered light spectra acquire sidebands stemming from the Raman effect. We investigate the crossover between these two regimes and propose a realistic quantum well structure for its observation.
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It was recently shown that, when light is scattered from a random medium whose response function (e.g., the dielectric susceptibility) has appropriate correlation properties, the spectrum of the scattered light may be frequency shifted with respect to the spectrum of the incident light.1,2 In general the relative frequency shifts produced by this mechanism will be different for different spectral lines. We show that under certain circumstances the relative shifts generated by scattering from appropriately correlated space-time fluctuations may become frequency independent and may be arbitrarily large. This scattering mechanism then imitates the Doppler effect, even though the source, the scattering medium, and the observer are at relative rest with respect to each other.
We consider an atom moving in a near resonant laser field with its dipole strongly coupled to a resonator field mode. As compared to the standard Doppler shift, we find a substantially different and counterintuitive linear velocity dependence of the light scattering properties. The mechanical force of the laser field exhibits strong velocity selectivity at a polariton resonance, which gives rise to an enhanced friction force and Doppler cooling even in the directions perpendicular to the resonator axis. This effect allows for sub-Doppler cooling of atoms even with a nondegenerate ground state.
We study the amplification of a resonant standing-wave light field due to the interaction with a beam of monovelocity two-level atoms moving in the Raman-Nath regime and in the Bragg regime. The atomic density is low so that, at most, one atom is inside the cavity at a time. This system is very similar to the well-known micromaser but it is operating in the optical region of the field frequencies. Therefore, the situation corresponds to a microlaser. Unlike the micromaser system, the momentum transfer between the atoms and photons in the microlaser essentially effects the center-of-mass motion of the atoms and the evolution of the field.
The review deals with various variants of classification of the types of secondary emission of light by molecules; cases are distinguished in which the secondary emission occurs without additional processes that find their way between photon emission and absorption; the advisability of differentiating between the cases of resonance fluorescence and resonance scattering is noted. Reference is made to papers that have made contributions to the development of quantum-mechanical and classical theory of Raman scattering and to the development of the concepts of the relations between electron-vibrational absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, and scattering excitation near and near and far resonance. Conditions are considered of excitation of the spectrum at different relations between the electronic-oscillator damping constant, the atom vibration frequency, the rotational frequencies, and the difference between the frequency of the incident light and the frequency of the electronic transition. The conditions for the excitation of typical light scattering, typical resonance fluorescence, and certain intermediate types, in which individual features of scattering are combined with certain features of fluorescence (phenomena of the transition type) are noted. The results of investigations of different models of the scattering centers, their advantages, shortcomings, and limits of applicability are compared. The most interesting results of the experimental investigations of resonant scattering of light by molecules and crystals are noted.
We describe the influence of the intensity variation of the light in a standing wave on the lineshape of a Doppler-free multi-photon transition. We show that as long as the light shifts and the saturation are small compared to the Doppler width, a motional narrowing effect occurs and the line remains Lorentzian, the centre being shifted by an amount equal to the mean value of the dynamic Stark effect. We consider also the case of transients. We show that at resonance, it is possible to observe different responses according to the light intensity. In particular, it is possible to observe Rabi oscillations only if the Rabi frequency is larger than the natural width and smaller than the Doppler width of the transition.