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arXiv:2008.02813 · Physical Review Letters

Squeezed Lasing

Carlos Sánchez Muñoz, Dieter Jaksch

Published Oct 29, 2021• 26 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We introduce the concept of a squeezed laser, in which a squeezed cavity mode develops a macroscopic photonic occupation due to stimulated emission. Above the lasing threshold, the emitted light retains both the spectral purity of a laser and the photon correlations characteristic of quadrature squeezing. Our proposal, implementable in optical setups, relies on a combination of the parametric driving of the cavity and the excitation by a broadband squeezed vacuum to achieve lasing behavior in a squeezed cavity mode. The squeezed laser can find applications that go beyond those of standard lasers thanks to the squeezed character, such as the direct application in Michelson interferometry beyond the standard quantum limit, or its use in atomic metrology.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.127.183603

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We introduce the concept of a squeezed laser, in which a squeezed cavity mode develops a macroscopic photonic occupation due to stimulated emission. Above the lasing threshold, the emitted light retains both the spectral purity of a laser and the photon correlations characteristic of quadrature squeezing. Our proposal, implementable in optical setups, relies on a combination of the parametric driving of the cavity and the excitation by a broadband squeezed vacuum to achieve lasing behavior in a squeezed cavity mode. The squeezed laser can find applications that go beyond those of standard lasers thanks to the squeezed character, such as the direct application in Michelson interferometry beyond the standard quantum limit, or its use in atomic metrology.
Abstract We introduce the idea of a squeezed laser, in which a squeezed cavity mode develops a macroscopic photonic occupation powered by stimulated emission. Above the lasing threshold, the emitted light retains both the spectral purity inherent of a laser and the photon correlations characteristic of a photonic mode with squeezed quadratures. Our proposal, which can be implemented in optical setups, relies on the parametric driving of the cavity and dissipative stabilization by a broadband squeezed vacuum. We show that the squeezed laser can find applications going beyond those of standard lasers thanks to the squeezed character, such as enhanced operation in multi-photon microscopy or Heisenberg scaling of the Fisher information in quantum parameter estimation.
We report the first experimental demonstration of squeezed lasing in a reservoir-engineered optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The OPO provides a basis of squeezed states and parametric amplification in lasing emission, whose vacuum reservoir is coupled to a squeezed vacuum generated by a second OPO. With a precisely controlled squeezing angle and strong squeezing injection, the parametric interaction in the first OPO is exponentially enhanced. It successfully circumvents the decoherence in the system, and eliminates the undesired noise of spontaneous photon emission in the OPO. As a result, the amplified parametric process simultaneously reserves the coherence and quantum properties in the first OPO, and yields a -6.1 dB squeezed laser in optical domain with a narrow linewidth and high brightness. Our work sheds light on potential applications of squeezed lasing in quantum metrology and quantum optics.
Electromagnetic fields, with the noise on one quadrature component reduced to below the quantum mechanical zero-point fluctuation level and the noise on the other quadrature component enhanced to above it, are currently of great interest in quantum optics because of their potential applications to various precision measurements. Such squeezed states of light are usually produced by imposing nonlinear unitary evolution on coherent (or vacuum) states. On the other hand, squeezed states with reduced photon number noise and enhanced phase noise are generated directly by a constant current-driven semiconductor laser. This is the simplest scheme for the generation of nonclassical light, and so far it has yielded the largest quantum noise reduction. The mutual coupling between a lasing junction and an external electrical circuit provides opportunities for exploring the macroscopic and microscopic quantum effects in open systems.
It has recently been discovered that the quantum theory of the laser allows conventional lasers to produce squeezed light.1-3 The physics of this squeezing is uncomplicated and robust. It relies on the fact that a sequence of Poissonian transitions having the same total mean transition time as a single Poissonian process have less time variance than the single process. Hence the sequence of transitions has sub-Poissonian time statistics. This can be transformed into sub-Poissonian laser pumping and hence into sub-Poissonian and quadrature squeezed laser light. We will discuss how this theory can be put into practice. The effects of mode structure and inefficiences will be assessed. Candidate lasers and progress towards their experimental realization will be discussed.
In the first part of this thesis, a detailed analysis of lasing in random multiple-light-scattering media with gain is presented. Random laser emission is analyzed using a time-dependent diffusion model for light propagating in the medium containing active atoms. We demonstrate the effects of scatterers to narrow the emission spectral linewidth and to shorten the emitted pulse duration at a specific threshold pump intensity. This threshold pump intensity decreases with scatterer density and excitation spot diameter, in excellent agreement with experimental results. The coherence properties of the random laser are studied using a generalized master equation. The random laser medium is treated as a collection of low quality-factor cavities, coupled by random photon diffusion. Laser-like coherence, on average, is demonstrated above a specific pumping threshold. We demonstrate that with stronger scattering, the pumping threshold for the transition from chaotic to isotropic coherent light emission decreases and enhanced optical coherence for the emitted light is achieved above threshold. The second part of this thesis presents a study of lasing in photonic crystals (PCs). The emission from an incoherently pumped atomic system in interaction with the electro-magnetic reservoir of a PC is analyzed using a set of generalized semiclassical Maxwell-Bloch equations. We demonstrate that the photonic band edge facilitates the enhancement of stimulated emission and the reduction of internal losses, leading to an important lowering of the laser threshold. In addition, an increase of the laser output at a photonic band edge is demonstrated. We next develop a detailed quantum theory of a coherently pumped two-level atom in a photonic band gap material, coupled to both a multi-mode wave-guide channel and a high-quality micro-cavity embedded within the PC. The cavity field characteristics are highly distinct from that of a corresponding high-Q cavity in ordinary vacuum. We demonstrate enhanced, inversionless, and nearly coherent light generation when the photon density of states (DOS) jump between the Mollow spectral components of atomic resonance fluorescence is large. In the case of a vanishing photon DOS on the lower Mollow sideband and no dipolar dephasing, the emitted photon statistics is Poissonian and the cavity field exhibits quadrature coherence.
Abstract This study investigates a three-level laser system featuring a cascade-configured atom interacting with squeezed vacuum radiation within a lossy cavity, where the cavity modes are linked to a vacuum reservoir. By employing steady-state solutions derived from the expectation values of atomic operators and quantum Langevin equations for the cavity mode operators, we have calculated key quantum optical properties, including the mean photon number, normalized second-order correlation functions, and quadrature variances for cavity modes a 1 , a 2 , and their combined two-mode light. The findings reveal that the mean photon number of the two-mode light equals the sum of the individual mode photon numbers. Additionally, the influence of spontaneous and stimulated emissions, along with the squeeze parameter, is shown to enhance the mean photon numbers of the cavity modes. The results further suggest that the cavity modes exhibit thermal light characteristics, with the mean photon number of mode a 1 exceeding that of mode a 2 , as depicted in the analyzed graphs and equations.