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arXiv:2008.02472

Analysis of nonclasscial features in a coupled macroscopic binary system

Byoung Seung HAM

Published Aug 6, 2020• 3 citations
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Abstract

Nonclassical phenomena of quantum mechanics such as anticorrelation and photonic de Broglie waves (PBWs) have been recently understood as a special case of coherence optics with a particular phase relation between orthogonal bases composing a classical system. Such a macroscopic understanding of nonclassical features has also been confirmed experimentally for a coherence version of PBWs in a doubly-coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Here, a multi-coupled MZI system is analyzed and discussed to obtain a general understanding of the nonclassical feature using tensor products of binary bases of a classical system. This analysis should intrigue a fundamental question of quantumness or nonclassicality limited to a microscopic world of a single photon or a single particle.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2008.02472

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Nonclassical phenomena of quantum mechanics such as anticorrelation and photonic de Broglie waves (PBWs) have been recently understood as a special case of coherence optics with a particular phase relation between orthogonal bases composing a classical system. Such a macroscopic understanding of nonclassical features has also been confirmed experimentally for a coherence version of PBWs in a doubly-coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Here, a multi-coupled MZI system is analyzed and discussed to obtain a general understanding of the nonclassical feature using tensor products of binary bases of a classical system. This analysis should intrigue a fundamental question of quantumness or nonclassicality limited to a microscopic world of a single photon or a single particle.
Abstract Nonclassical phenomena of quantum mechanics such as anticorrelation and photonic de Broglie waves (PBWs) have been recently understood as a special case of coherence optics with a particular phase relation between orthogonal bases composing a classical system. Such a macroscopic understanding of nonclassical features has also been confirmed experimentally for a coherence version of PBWs in a doubly-coupled Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Here, a multi-coupled MZI system is analyzed and discussed to obtain a general understanding of the nonclassical feature using tensor products of binary bases of a classical system. This analysis should intrigue a fundamental question on quantumness or nonclassicality limited to a microscopic world of a single photon or a single particle.
Photonic de Broglie waves (PBWs) via two-mode entangled photon pair interactions on a beam splitter show a pure quantum feature which cannot be obtained by classical means1-4. Although PBWs have been intensively studied for quantum metrology5-13 and quantum sensing14-25 over the last several decades, their implementation has been limited due to difficulties of high-order NOON state generation4. Recently a coherence version of PBWs, the so-called coherence de Broglie waves (CBWs), has been proposed in a pure classical regime of an asymmetrically coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI)26. Unlike PBWs, the quantumness of CBWs originates from the cascaded quantum superposition of the coupled MZI. Here, the first CBWs observation is presented in a pure classical regime and discussed for its potential applications in coherence quantum metrology to overcome conventional PBWs limited by higher-order entangled photons. To understand the quantum superposition-based nonclassical features in CBWs, various violation tests are also performed, where asymmetrical phase coupling is the key parameter for CBWs.
A novel method of macroscopically entangled light-pair generation is presented for a quantum laser using randomness-based deterministic phase control of coherent light in a coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Unlike the particle nature-based quantum correlation in conventional quantum mechanics, the wave nature of photons is applied for collective phase control of coherent fields, resulting in a deterministically controllable nonclassical phenomenon. For the proof of principle, the entanglement between output light fields from a coupled MZI is examined using the Hong-Ou-Mandel-type anticorrelation technique, where the anticorrelation is a direct evidence of the nonclassical features in an interferometric scheme. For the generation of random phase bases between two bipartite input coherent fields, a deterministic control of opposite frequency shifts results in phase sensitive anticorrelation, which is a macroscopic quantum feature.
A novel method of macroscopically entangled light-pair generation is presented for a quantum laser using randomness-based deterministic phase control of coherent light in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Unlike the particle nature-based quantum correlation in conventional quantum mechanics, the wave nature of photons is applied for collective phase control of coherent fields, resulting in a deterministically controllable nonclassical phenomenon. For the proof of principle, the entanglement between output light fields from an MZI is examined using the Hong-Ou-Mandel-type anticorrelation technique, where the anticorrelation is a direct evidence of the nonclassical features in an interferometric scheme. For the generation of random phase bases between two bipartite input coherent fields, a deterministic control of opposite frequency shifts results in phase sensitive anticorrelation, which is a macroscopic quantum feature.
One of the most fundamental quantum features is the two-photon intensity correlation on a beam splitter, resulting in photon bunching into either output port. According to the conventional understanding of quantum mechanics, the origin of photon bunching on a beam splitter is in the indistinguishable characteristics between coincident photons, resulting in destructive quantum interference even without a clear definition of phase information of the paired photons. Here, a completely different approach is presented for the same quantum feature, where a strong mutual phase dependency is the essential requirement for the nonclassical feature of photon bunching. This definite phase relationship is now understood as the origin of this quantum feature resulting from the phase-basis superposition of the photon-BS system, resulting in photon indistinguishability. On behalf of a coherent model with a single input-port BS system, an extended scheme of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is additionally analyzed for the validity of forbidden phase-basis superposition in the quantum feature.
Indistinguishability in quantum mechanics is an essential concept to understanding mysterious quantum features such as self-interference of a single photon and two-photon nonlocal correlation. Delayed-choice experiments are for the cause-effect violation via post-measurements of photons in an interferometric system. Recently, a macroscopic version of the delayed-choice experiments has been demonstrated using the classical means of Poisson distributed photons in a noninterfering Mach-Zehnder interferometer (NMZI). Here, a coherence version of the nonlocal correlation is presented using the wave nature of photons in space-like separated orthogonally polarized NMZIs. For this, polarization-basis projections of the pair of NMZI output photons onto a set of polarizers are measured coincidently, where each output photon comprises orthogonal polarization bases. Because of the coherence feature of the output photons via coincidence detection, a phase sensitive nonlocal correlation is achieved. As a result, indistinguishability limited to a single or entangled photon pairs needs to be reconsidered with basis (polarization) randomness for the nonlocal correlation.