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arXiv:2007.14722 · Nature Photonics

Metasurfaces for quantum photonics

Alexander S. Solntsev, G. S. Agarwal, Yuri S. Kivshar

Published Apr 26, 2021• 481 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1038/s41566-021-00793-z

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Optical metasurfaces open new avenues for the precise wavefront control of light for integrated quantum technology. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid integrated quantum photonic system that is capable of entangling and disentangling two-photon spin states at a dielectric metasurface. Via the interference of single-photon pairs at a nanostructured dielectric metasurface, a path-entangled two-photon NOON state with circular polarization that exhibits a quantum HOM interference visibility of 86 ± 4% is generated. Furthermore, we demonstrate nonclassicality andphase sensitivity in a metasurface-based interferometer with a fringe visibility of 86.8 ± 1.1% in the coincidence counts. This high visibility proves the metasurface-induced path entanglement inside the interferometer. Our findings provide a promising way to develop hybrid-integrated quantum technology operating in the high-dimensional mode space in various applications, such as imaging, sensing, and computing.
In this paper we map the quantum optical scattering of a linear dissipative metasurface to an equivalent Liouvillian dynamics with respect to the effective Hamiltonian of the metasurface propagating in fictitious time. By using a lossy bianisotropic metasurface as a generic example, our formulation allows a complete specification of the generalized eigenspace of the Liouvillian superoperator starting from either a diagonalizable or defective classical scattering matrix of the metasurface. With a further factorization of the Liouvillian superoperator, we demonstrate the input-output relationship on the photon density matrix can be obtained by propagating the photon-moment matrix using a complete basis of the semiclassical Liouvillian superoperator. Our investigations will be useful for characterizing quantum scattering of generally bianisotropic metasurfaces, paving the way for investigating and designing passive parity-time symmetric and non-Hermitian metasurfaces for quantum information processing applications.