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arXiv:2007.14076 · npj Quantum Information

Experimental realization of phase-controlled dynamics with hybrid digital–analog approach

Ziyu Tao, Libo Zhang, Xiaole Li, Jingjing Niu, Kai Luo, Kangyuan Yi, Yuxuan Zhou, Hao Jia, Xu Zhang, Song Liu, Tongxing Yan, Yuanzhen Chen, Dapeng Yu

Published May 18, 2021• 10 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Quantum simulation can be implemented in pure digital or analog ways, each with their pros and cons. By taking advantage of the universality of a digital route and the efficiency of analog simulation, hybrid digital–analog approaches can enrich the possibilities for quantum simulation. We use a hybrid approach to experimentally perform a quantum simulation of phase-controlled dynamics resulting from a closed-contour interaction (CCI) within certain multi-level systems in superconducting quantum circuits. Due to symmetry constraints, such systems cannot host an inherent CCI. Nevertheless, by assembling analog modules corresponding to their natural evolutions and specially designed digital modules constructed from standard quantum logic gates, we can bypass such constraints and realize an effective CCI in these systems. Based on this realization, we demonstrate a variety of related and interesting phenomena, including phase-controlled chiral dynamics, separation of chiral enantiomers, and a mechanism to generate entangled states based on CCI.

DOI
10.1038/s41534-021-00406-1

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Abstract Quantum simulation can be implemented in pure digital or analog ways, each with their pros and cons. By taking advantage of the universality of a digital route and the efficiency of analog simulation, hybrid digital–analog approaches can enrich the possibilities for quantum simulation. We use a hybrid approach to experimentally perform a quantum simulation of phase-controlled dynamics resulting from a closed-contour interaction (CCI) within certain multi-level systems in superconducting quantum circuits. Due to symmetry constraints, such systems cannot host an inherent CCI. Nevertheless, by assembling analog modules corresponding to their natural evolutions and specially designed digital modules constructed from standard quantum logic gates, we can bypass such constraints and realize an effective CCI in these systems. Based on this realization, we demonstrate a variety of related and interesting phenomena, including phase-controlled chiral dynamics, separation of chiral enantiomers, and a mechanism to generate entangled states based on CCI.
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Quantum computers based on superconducting circuits are experiencing rapid development, with the aim to outperform classical computers in certain useful tasks in the near future.However, the currently available chip fabrication technologies limit the capability of gathering a large number of high-quality qubits in a single superconducting chip, a requirement for implementing quantum error correction.Furthermore, achieving high connectivity in a chip poses a formidable technological challenge.Here, we propose a hybrid digital-analog quantum algorithm that enhances the physical connectivity among qubits coupled by an arbitrary inhomogeneous nearest-neighbor Ising Hamiltonian and generates an arbitrary all-to-all Ising Hamiltonian only by employing single-qubit rotations.Additionally, we optimize the proposed algorithm in the number of analog blocks and in the time required for the simulation.These results take advantage of the natural evolution of the system by combining the flexibility of digital steps with the robustness of analog quantum computing, allowing us to improve the connectivity of the hardware and the efficiency of quantum algorithms.
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We propose a concept of mixed analog–digital quantum simulation of the Dicke model with ensembles of superconducting qubits coupled to the single-mode microwave resonators. Using both single-qubit and twoqubit quantum logic gates, it should be possible to engineer different initial conditions for the ensemble of qubits. Since qubits can interact through the photon field of a common quantum resonator, it is attractive to examine the time evolution of this system depending on various characteristics of the initial state, including entanglement and symmetry. We here study theoretically the dynamics of such systems taking into account energy dissipation, pure decoherence as well as disorder in qubits excitation frequencies, which are unavoidable for macroscopic artificial quantum systems. We reveal unusual effects of these imperfections on the dynamics.