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arXiv:2007.12945 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Non-linear edge dynamics of an integer quantum Hall fluid

Alberto Nardin, Iacopo Carusotto

Published Nov 3, 2020• 4 citations
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Abstract

We report a theoretical study of the linear and nonlinear dynamics of edge excitations of an integer quantum Hall state of non-interacting fermions. New features beyond the chiral Luttinger liquid picture are anticipated to arise from the interplay of the curvature of the Landau level dispersion and of the Pauli exclusion principle. For long-wavelength perturbations, the microscopic numerical results are captured by a chiral nonlinear hydrodynamic equation including a density-dependent velocity term. In the wave-breaking regime, shock waves are found to be regularized into a complex ripple pattern by higher-order dispersive effects. Our results are of specific relevance for experiments with synthetic quantum matter, in particular ultracold atomic gases.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/132/10002

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We report a theoretical study of the linear and nonlinear dynamics of edge excitations of an integer quantum Hall state of non-interacting fermions. New features beyond the chiral Luttinger liquid picture are anticipated to arise from the interplay of the curvature of the Landau level dispersion and of the Pauli exclusion principle. For long-wavelength perturbations, the microscopic numerical results are captured by a chiral nonlinear hydrodynamic equation including a density-dependent velocity term. In the wave-breaking regime, shock waves are found to be regularized into a complex ripple pattern by higher-order dispersive effects. Our results are of specific relevance for experiments with synthetic quantum matter, in particular ultracold atomic gases.
We report numerical studies of the linear and nonlinear edge dynamics of a non-harmonically-confined macroscopic fractional quantum Hall fluid. In the long-wavelength and weak excitation limit, observable consequences of the fractional transverse conductivity are recovered. The first nonuniversal corrections to the chiral Luttinger liquid theory are then characterized: for a weak excitation in the linear response regime, cubic corrections to the linear wave dispersion and a broadening of the dynamical structure factor of the edge excitations are identified; for stronger excitations, sizable nonlinear effects are found in the dynamics. The numerically observed features are quantitatively captured by a nonlinear chiral Luttinger liquid quantum Hamiltonian that reduces to a driven Korteweg--de Vries equation in the semiclassical limit. Experimental observability of our predictions is finally discussed.
This paper investigates the bulk and boundary dynamics of Laughlin states, which are modeled using composite boson theory within a fluid dynamics framework. In this work, we adopt an alternative starting point based on a hydrodynamic action with topological terms, which fleshes out the fluid aspects of the Laughlin state manifestly. For a particular choice of the velocity field, the fluid equation for this action is akin to first-order hydrodynamic equations, supplemented with an additional constitutive equation known as the Hall constraint. When a hard wall boundary is present, one of the topological terms in the fluid action triggers anomaly inflow, indicating the presence of gauge anomaly at the edge. The first-order hydrodynamic equations require a second boundary condition, which, in the absence of dissipation, can be either a no-slip or a no-stress condition. We find that the no-slip condition, where the fluid adheres to the wall, is incompatible with the chiral edge dynamics. On the other hand, the no-stress condition, which allows the fluid to move along the wall without friction, is consistent with the expected chiral edge dynamics of the Laughlin state. Furthermore, our work derives this modified no-stress boundary condition within a variational principle. This is accomplished by incorporating a chiral boson action within the boundary action that is nonlinearly coupled to the edge density, thus systematically extending the edge chiral Luttinger liquid theory.
We study the quantum dynamics in response to time-dependent external potentials of the edge modes of a small fractional quantum Hall fluid composed of few particles on a lattice in a bosonic Laughlin-like state at filling ν=1/2. We show that the nonlinear chiral Luttinger liquid theory provides a quantitatively accurate description even for the small lattices that are available in state-of-the-art experiments, away from the continuum limit. Experimentally accessible data related to the quantized value of the bulk transverse Hall conductivity are identified both in the linear and the non-linear response to an external excitation. The strong nonlinearity induced by the open boundaries is responsible for sizable quantum blockade effects, leading to the generation of nonclassical states of the edge modes.
We implement a moving boundary condition in a 1D quantum liquid to study nonlinear wave breaking and its regularization by dispersion. Programmable optical potentials allow us to compress a weakly interacting ultra-cold Bose gas trapped on an atomchip at tunable speeds of up to three times the speed of sound and we subsequently measure the quasi-in-situ density distribution to extract the shock wave edge dynamics. We resolve both leading and trailing edge velocities and observe a shock wave width that increases linearly in time, which are distinguishing features of dispersive shock waves, consistent with asymptotic predictions using Whitham's method. Quantitative agreement is found with finite temperature non-polynomial Schrödinger equation simulations, taking into account the imaging process and the finite height of the piston potential. Our results constitute a controlled, quantitative test of dispersive shock dynamics in a 1D quantum fluid and demonstrate that the coarse-grained dispersive-shock phenomenology remains robust even as the microscopic dynamics depart from the strictly integrable 1D regime.
We study the formation and the subsequent dynamics of shock waves in repulsive one-dimensional Bose gases during the free expansion of a density hump. By building coherent Fermi states for interacting Bethe fermions, we define a quantum fluctuating initial state expressed in terms of universal quantities, namely the density and the Luttinger parameter. In the integrable case, this fluctuating state is then evolved by generalized hydrodynamics (GHD) and, differently from nonfluctuating initial states, it develops density ripples on top of the hydrodynamic mean value. Our analysis gives a general theory of quantum ripples and wave breaking in integrable and quasi-integrable one-dimensional liquids and clarifies the role of the interaction strength. In particular, for strongly/intermediately interacting bosons, we find quantum ripples originating from low-energy modes at the Fermi surface interfering when transported by GHD. In the low-coupling limit, near the quasicondensate regime, we find instead that density ripples have a semiclassical nature, and their description requires information on the curvature of the Fermi surface.
The effective field theory of the fractional quantum Hall edge is reformulated from microscopic dynamics. Noncommutative Chern-Simons theory is a microscopic description for the quantum Hall fluid. We use it for reference. Considering relabeling symmetry of the electrons and incompressibility of the fluid, we obtain a constraint and derive a chiral Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory containing interaction terms. We calculate one-loop corrections to the phonon and electron propagators and get a new tunneling exponent. It agrees with experiments.