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arXiv:2006.15654 · Physical Review A

Double-degenerate Bose-Fermi mixture of strontium and lithium

Zhu-Xiong Ye, Li-Yang Xie, Zhen Guo, Xiaobin Ma, Gao‐Ren Wang, Li You, Meng Khoon Tey

Published Sep 8, 2020• 18 citations
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Abstract

The authors report the production of a quantum degenerate mixture of alkali-metal ${}^{6}$Li and alkaline-earth-metal ${}^{84}$Sr atoms in a far-off-resonant optical dipole trap. The results could pave the way for studying lithium-strontium polar molecules.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.102.033307

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The authors report the production of a quantum degenerate mixture of alkali-metal 6{}^{6}6Li and alkaline-earth-metal 84{}^{84}84Sr atoms in a far-off-resonant optical dipole trap. The results could pave the way for studying lithium-strontium polar molecules.
We have produced a quantum degenerate mixture of fermionic alkali-metal 6{}^{6}6Li and bosonic spin-singlet 174{}^{174}174Yb gases. This was achieved using sympathetic cooling of lithium atoms by evaporatively cooled ytterbium atoms in a far-off-resonant optical dipole trap. We observe the coexistence of Bose-condensed ($T/{T}_{\mathrm{c}}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.8$) 174{}^{174}174Yb with $2.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ atoms and Fermi degenerate ($T/{T}_{\mathrm{F}}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.3$) 6{}^{6}6Li with $1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ atoms. Quasipure Bose-Einstein condensates of up to $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ 174{}^{174}174Yb atoms can be produced in single-species experiments. Our results mark a significant step toward studies of few- and many-body physics with mixtures of alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal-like atoms, and for the production of paramagnetic polar molecules in the quantum regime. Our methods also establish a convenient scheme for producing quantum degenerate ytterbium atoms in a 1064 nm optical dipole trap.
An admixture of 87{}^{87}87Rb and 171{}^{171}171Yb atoms is prepared and cooled down to quantum degeneracy in a hybrid optical dipole trap independently tunable for both atomic species, which makes experimentalists ready to explore intriguing quantum phenomena such as the behavior of polarons on a lattice with alkali-metal--alkaline-earth-metal mixtures.
We report on the realization of quantum degenerate gas mixtures of the alkaline-earth-metal element strontium with the alkali-metal element rubidium. A key ingredient of our scheme is sympathetic cooling of Rb by Sr atoms that are continuously laser cooled on a narrow-linewidth transition. This versatile technique allows us to produce ultracold gas mixtures with a phase-space density of up to 0.06 for both elements. By further evaporative cooling we create double Bose-Einstein condensates of 87{}^{87}87Rb with either 88{}^{88}88Sr or 84{}^{84}84Sr, reaching more than $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ condensed atoms per element for the 84{}^{84}84Sr-87{}^{87}87Rb mixture. These quantum gas mixtures constitute an important step towards the production of a quantum gas of polar, open-shell RbSr molecules.
We realize simultaneous quantum degeneracy in mixtures consisting of the alkali and alkaline-earth-like atoms Li and Yb. This is accomplished within an optical trap by sympathetic cooling of the fermionic isotope 6Li^{6}\mathrm{Li}6Li with evaporatively cooled bosonic 174Yb^{174}\mathrm{Yb}174Yb and, separately, fermionic 173Yb^{173}\mathrm{Yb}173Yb. Using cross-thermalization studies, we also measure the elastic sss-wave scattering lengths of both Li-Yb combinations, $|{a}_{^{6}\mathrm{Li}\ensuremath{-}^{174}\mathrm{Yb}}|=1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nm}$ and $|{a}_{^{6}\mathrm{Li}\ensuremath{-}^{173}\mathrm{Yb}}|=0.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nm}$. The equality of these lengths is found to be consistent with mass-scaling analysis. The quantum degenerate mixtures of Li and Yb, as realized here, can be the basis for creation of ultracold molecules with electron spin degrees of freedom, studies of novel Efimov trimers, and impurity probes of superfluid systems.
We present a machine built for experiments with ultracold mixtures of strontium and lithium atoms. The machine includes a science vacuum chamber and the relevant laser systems for cooling and trapping the atoms. With this machine, we realize a D2-line compressed magneto-optical trap (MOT) for 6{^6}6Li and a narrow-linewidth 689-nm MOT for 84^{84}84Sr, obtaining ~10910^9109 6{^6}6Li atoms at 700 μμμK and ~10710^7107 84^{84}84Sr atoms at 1.8 μμμK. Such a dual-species MOT provides an ideal starting point for realizing double degenerate mixtures of 6^66Li and Sr atoms.
We report on the observation of a conspicuous loss in an ultracold mixture of 7^{7}7Li and 88^{88}88Sr atoms confined in a far-off-resonance optical dipole trap. We attribute the trap loss to the three-body inelastic Li-Sr-Sr collision and extract the corresponding three-body recombination coefficient K3K_3K3​ at T∼18.5,45,70,600T\sim 18.5,45,70,600T∼18.5,45,70,600 μKμKμK. The measured three-body recombination coefficient is about two to three orders of magnitude larger than the typical values convenient for realizing quantum degenerate gases. It also indicates a potentially large sss-wave scattering length between the bosonic 7^{7}7Li and 88^{88}88Sr atoms, and essentially rules out the prospect of realizing 7^77Li and 88^{88}88Sr mixtures of high phase space density.