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arXiv:2006.12930 · WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks

Nature of the Spin Glass Phase in Finite Dimensional (Ising) Spin Glasses

Juan Jesus Ruiz-Lorenzo

Published Jun 24, 2020• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Spin glasses are the paradigm of complex systems. These materials present really slow dynamics. However, the nature of the spin glass phase in finite dimensional systems is still controversial. Different theories describing the low temperature phase have been proposed: droplet, replica symmetry breaking and chaotic pairs. We present analytical studies of critical properties of spin glasses, in particular, critical exponents at and below the phase transition, existence of a phase transition in a magnetic field, computation of the lower critical dimension (in presence/absence of a magnetic field). We also introduce some rigorous results based on the concept of metastate. Finally, we report some numerical results regarding the construction of the Aizenman-Wehr metastate, scaling of the correlation functions in the spin glass phase and existence of a phase transition in a field, confronting these results with the predictions of different theories.

DOI
10.1142/9789811216220_0001

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Spin glasses are the paradigm of complex systems. These materials present really slow dynamics. However, the nature of the spin glass phase in finite dimensional systems is still controversial. Different theories describing the low temperature phase have been proposed: droplet, replica symmetry breaking and chaotic pairs. We present analytical studies of critical properties of spin glasses, in particular, critical exponents at and below the phase transition, existence of a phase transition in a magnetic field, computation of the lower critical dimension (in presence/absence of a magnetic field). We also introduce some rigorous results based on the concept of metastate. Finally, we report some numerical results regarding the construction of the Aizenman-Wehr metastate, scaling of the correlation functions in the spin glass phase and existence of a phase transition in a field, confronting these results with the predictions of different theories.
We have studied numerically the remanent magnetization in the six- and eight-dimensional Ising spin glass and we have compared it with the behaviour observed in the SK model, that we have also computed analytically. We also report the value of the dynamical critical exponent z in six dimensions measured in three different ways: from the behaviour of the energy and the susceptibility as a function of the Monte Carlo time and by studying the overlap - overlap correlation function as a function of space and time. These three results are in very good agreement with the mean field prediction z = 4. Finally we have checked numerically the analytical prediction, obtained by assuming spontaneously broken replica symmetry, for the most singular part of the propagator in the spin-glass phase. This last result supports the existence of spontaneously broken replica symmetry in finite-dimensional spin glasses.
The very existence of a phase transition for spin glasses in an external magnetic field is controversial, even in high dimensions. We carry out massive simulations of the Ising spin-glass in a field, in six dimensions (which, according to classical-but not generally accepted-field-theoretical studies, is the upper critical dimension). We obtain results compatible with a second-order phase transition and estimate its critical exponents for the simulated lattice sizes. The detailed analysis performed by other authors of the replica symmetric Hamiltonian, under the hypothesis of critical behavior, predicts that the ratio of the renormalized coupling constants remain bounded as the correlation length grows. Our numerical results are in agreement with this expectation.
By using real-space renormalization group (RG) methods, we show that spin glasses in a field display a new kind of transition in high dimensions. The corresponding critical properties and the spin-glass phase are governed by two nonperturbative zero-temperature fixed points of the RG flow. We compute the critical exponents and discuss the RG flow and its relevance for three-dimensional systems. The new spin-glass phase we discovered has unusual properties, which are intermediate between the ones conjectured by droplet and full replica symmetry-breaking theories. These results provide a new perspective on the long-standing debate about the behavior of spin glasses in a field.
Some recent progress in Monte Carlo simulations of spin glasses will be presented. The problem of slow dynamics at low temperatures is partially alleviated by use of the parallel tempering (replica exchange) method. A useful technique to check for equilibration (applicable only for a Gaussian distribution) will be discussed. It will be argued that a finite size scaling analysis of the scaled correlation length of the system is a good approach with which to investigate phase transitions in spin glasses. This method will be used to study two questions: (i) whether there is a phase transition in zero field in the Heisenberg spin glass in three dimensions, and (ii) whether there is phase transition in a magnetic field in an Ising spin glass, also in three dimensions.
Abstract We present results of numerical simulations on a one-dimensional Ising spin glass with long-range interactions. Parameters of the model are chosen such that it is a proxy for a short-range spin glass above the upper critical dimension (i.e. in the mean-field regime). The system is quenched to a temperature well below the transition temperature and the growth of correlations is observed. The spatial decay of the correlations at distances less than the dynamic correlation length agrees quantitatively with the predictions of a static theory, the ‘metastate’, evaluated according to the replica symmetry breaking (RSB) theory. We also compute the dynamic exponent z ( T ) defined by and find that it is compatible with the mean-field value of the critical dynamical exponent for short range spin glasses.
We discuss the problem of static chaos in spin glasses. In the case of magnetic-field perturbations, we propose a scaling theory for the spin-glass phase. Using the mean-field approach we argue that some pure states are suppressed by the magnetic field and their free-energy cost is determined by the finite-temperature fixed-point exponents. In this framework, numerical results suggest that mean-field chaos exponents are probably exact in finite dimensions. If we use the droplet approach, numerical results suggest that the zero-temperature fixed-point exponent \ensuremath{\theta} is very close to (d-3)/2. In both approaches d=3 is the lower critical dimension in agreement with recent numerical simulations.