arXiv:2005.14328 · Physical Review Research

Interferences between Bogoliubov excitations in superfluids of light

Quentin Fontaine, Pierre-Élie Larré, Giovanni Lerario, Tom Bienaimé, Simon Pigeon, Daniele Faccio, Iacopo Carusotto, E. Giacobino, Alberto Bramati, Quentin C. Glorieux

Published Dec 1, 2020• 32 citations

arXiv HTML PDF

Abstract

Paraxial fluids of light represent an alternative platform to atomic Bose-Einstein condensates and superfluid liquids for the study of the quantum behavior of collective excitations.A key step in this direction is the precise characterization of the Bogoliubov dispersion relation, as recently shown in two experiments.However, the predicted interferences between the phonon excitations that would be a clear signature of the collective superfluid behavior have not been observed to date.Here, by analytically, numerically, and experimentally exploring the phonon phase velocity, we observe the presence of interferences between counterpropagating Bogoliubov excitations and demonstrate their critical impact on the measurement of the dispersion relation.These results are evidence of a key signature of light superfluidity and provide a characterization tool for quantum simulations with photons.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.2.043297

Related papers

Observation of the Bogoliubov Dispersion in a Fluid of Light

Quentin Fontaine, Tom Bienaimé, Simon Pigeon +3 more

Quantum fluids of light are a photonic counterpart to atomic Bose gases and are attracting increasing interest for probing many-body physics quantum phenomena such as superfluidity. Two different configurations are commonly used: the confined geometry where a nonlinear material is fixed inside an optical cavity and the propagating geometry where the propagation direction plays the role of an effective time for the system. The observation of the dispersion relation for elementary excitations in a photon fluid has proved to be a difficult task in both configurations with few experimental realizations. Here, we propose and implement a general method for measuring the excitations spectrum in a fluid of light, based on a group velocity measurement. We observe a Bogoliubov-like dispersion with a speed of sound scaling as the square root of the fluid density. This Letter demonstrates that a nonlinear system based on an atomic vapor pumped near resonance is a versatile and highly tunable platform to study quantum fluids of light.

arXiv:1807.10242Physical Review LettersOct 31, 2018110 citations

Experimental characterization of nonlocal photon fluids

David Vocke, Thomas Roger, Francesco Marino +4 more

Quantum gases of atoms and exciton-polaritons are now well-established theoretical and experimental tools for fundamental studies of quantum many-body physics and suggest promising applications to quantum computing. Given their technological complexity, it is of paramount interest to devise other systems where such quantum many-body physics can be investigated at lesser technological expense. Here we examine a relatively well-known system of laser light propagating through thermo-optical defocusing media: based on a hydrodynamic description of light as a quantum fluid of interacting photons, we investigate such systems as a valid room-temperature alternative to atomic or exciton-polariton condensates for studies of many-body physics. First, we show that by using a technique traditionally used in oceanography it is possible to perform a direct measurement of the single-particle part of the dispersion relation of the elementary excitations on top of the photon fluid and to detect its global flow. Then, using a pump-and-probe setup, we investigate the dispersion of excitation modes of the fluid: for very long wavelengths, a sonic, dispersionless propagation is observed that we interpret as a signature of superfluid behavior. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America.

OpticaMay 13, 201595 citations

Paraxial fluid of light in hot atomic vapors

Quentin Fontaine

Quantum fluids of light are the photonic counterpart of Bose gases. They currently attract increasing interest since they are versatile and highly tunable systems for probing many-body physics quantum phenomena, such as superfluidity. Superfluid flow of light has already been reported in microcavity exciton-polariton condensates but clear observation of this phenomenon in cavityless systems, that is, for propagating photon fluids, remains elusive. In this thesis, we study the hydrodynamical properties of light propagating close to resonance in hot rubidium vapors. Whereas photons in air are not interacting with each other, the situation is different in rubidium vapors, as an effective interaction between them, mediated by the atomic ensemble, appears. The light behaves therefore as a fluid flowing in the plane perpendicular to the optical axis. The primary purpose of this thesis was to show that light in those systems can behave as a superfluid. The first step toward the observation of superfluidity is to measure the dispersion relation of small amplitude density waves travelling onto the propagating photon fluid. I show that this dispersion exhibits a linear trend for small excitation wave-vectors, which is, according to the Landau criterion, a sufficient condition for guaranteeing superfluidity. I present then an all-optical defect experiment - where the photon fluid flows against an optically induced obstacle (namely, a local change of refractive index) - designed to measure the drag force cancellation at the fluid/superfluid threshold.

arXiv:2011.12126Nov 24, 20200 citations

Bogoliubov dispersion relation and the possibility of superfluidity for weakly interacting photons in a two-dimensional photon fluid

R. Y. Chiao, Jack Boyce

The Bogoliubov dispersion relation for the elementary excitations of the weakly interacting Bose gas is shown to hold for the case of the weakly interacting photon gas (the ``photon fluid'') in a nonlinear Fabry-Perot cavity. The chemical potential of a photon in the two-dimensional photon fluid does not vanish. The Bogoliubov relation, which is also derived by means of a linearized fluctuation analysis in classical nonlinear optics, implies the possibility of a new, superfluid state of light. The theory underlying an experiment in progress to observe sound waves in the photon fluid is described, and another experiment to measure the critical velocity of this superfluid is proposed.

arXiv:quant-ph/9905001Physical Review ANov 1, 1999115 citations

Experimental characterisation of nonlocal photon superfluids

David Vocke, Thomas Roger, Francesco Marino +4 more

Quantum gases of atoms and exciton-polaritons are nowadays a well established theoretical and experimental tool for fundamental studies of quantum many-body physics and suggest promising applications to quantum computing. Given their technological complexity, it is of paramount interest to devise other systems where such quantum many-body physics can be investigated at a lesser technological expense. Here we examine a relatively well-known system of laser light propagating through thermo-optical defocusing media: based on a hydrodynamical description of light as a quantum fluid of interacting photons, we investigate such systems as a valid, room temperature alternative to atomic or exciton-polariton condensates for studies of many-body physics. First, we show that by using a technique traditionally used in oceanography, it is possible to perform a direct measurement of the single-particle part of the dispersion relation of the elementary excitations on top of the photon fluid and to detect its global flow. Then, using a pump-and-probe set-up, we investigate the collective nature of low-wavevector sound modes of the fluid and observe signatures of superfluid behaviour.

arXiv:1501.06728Jan 27, 20151 citation

Bogoliubov dispersion relation for a "photon fluid": Is this a superfluid?

R. Y. Chiao

We discuss the possibility that photons, which are bosons, can form a 2D superfluid due to Bose-Einstein condensation inside a nonlinear Fabry-Perot cavity filled with atoms in their ground states. A "photon fluid" forms inside the cavity as a result of multiple photon-photon collisions mediated by the atoms during a cavity ring-down time. The effective mass and chemical potential for a photon inside this fluid are nonvanishing. This implies the existence of a Bogoliubov dispersion relation for the low-lying elementary excitations of the photon fluid, and in particular, that sound waves exist for long-wavelength, low-frequency disturbances of this fluid. Possible experiments to test for the superfluidity of the photon fluid based on the Landau critical-velocity criterion will be discussed.

Aug 19, 199935 citations