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arXiv:2005.09245 · The European Physical Journal Plus

The two lowest eigenvalues of the harmonic oscillator in the presence of a Gaussian perturbation

S. Fassari, Luis Miguel Nieto, F. Rinaldi

Published Sep 1, 2020• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00761-6

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This work is aimed at obtaining the energy eigenvalues for one-dimensional quantum harmonic and anharmonic oscillators perturbed by linear, quadratic, cubic and polynomial potentials. To obtain the solutions of the energy eigenvalues, we employed the time-independent perturbation theory to calculate the first and the second-order energy correction, which we used to obtain the complete generalised energy eigenvalues of the quantum harmonic oscillators with linear, quadratic, cubic and polynomial perturbation potential of the same unperturbed Hamiltonian (H).
An operator whose position representation is a Gaussian function is referred to as a Gaussian operator. In common with the harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian operator, the eigenvectors of the Gaussian operator are a product of Hermite polynomial functions and a Gaussian weighting factor. It is demonstrated that the thermal equilibrium density operator of a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator can be expressed in Gaussian operator form, including its eigenvalues. These can be obtained without first solving for the eigenfunctions of the harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian.
The area dependence of entanglement entropy of a free scalar field is often understood in terms of coupled harmonic oscillators. In Schrodinger quantization, the Gaussian nature of ground state wave function for these oscillators is sufficient to provide the exact form of the reduced density matrix and its eigenvalues, thus giving the entanglement entropy. However, in polymer quantization the ground state is not Gaussian and the formalism that can provide the exact analytical form of the reduced density matrix is not yet known. In order to address this issue, here we treat the interaction between two coupled harmonic oscillators in the perturbative approach and evaluate the entanglement entropy in Schrodinger and polymer quantization. Contrary to Schrodinger quantization, we show that in the high frequency regime the entanglement entropy decreases for polymer quantization, keeping the ratio of coupling strength to the square of individual oscillator frequency fixed. Furthermore for the free scalar field we validate the area dependence of entanglement entropy in Fock quantization and demonstrate that polymer quantization produces a similar area law.