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arXiv:2004.12889 · Optical Fiber Communication Conference

Deployment Opportunities for DPS-QKD in the Co-Existence Regime of Lit GPON / NG-PON2 Access Networks

Nemanja Vokić, Dinka Milovančev, Bernhard Schrenk, Michael Hentschel, Hannes Hübel

Published Jan 1, 2020• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We demonstrate cost-effective QKD integration for GPON and NG-PON2. Operation at 5.1×10−7 secure bits/pulse and a QBER of 3.28% is accomplished for a 13.5-km reach, 2:16-split PON, with 0.52% co-existence penalty for 19 classical channels.
DOI
10.1364/ofc.2020.w2a.56

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To achieve commercial scalability, fiber-based quantum key distribution (QKD) systems must be integrated into existing optical communication infrastructures, rather than deployed exclusively on dedicated dark fibers. Integrating QKD into optical access networks (OANs) would be particularly advantageous, as these networks provide direct connectivity to end users for whom security is critical. Such integration can address the inherent security vulnerabilities in current OANs, which are primarily based on time-division multiplexing passive optical networks (TDM-PONs). However, integrating QKD into PONs poses significant challenges due to Raman noise and other detrimental effects induced by PON signals, which intensify as the launched power of PONs increases to support higher transmission speeds. In this study, we review recent advancements in both QKD and access network technologies, evaluate the technical feasibility of QKD-OAN integration, and propose cost-effective strategies to facilitate the widespread deployment of QKD in future access networks.
We investigate the practical network integration of differential phase shift quantum key distribution following a cost-optimized deployment scheme where complexity is off-loaded to a centralized location. User terminal equipment for quantum state preparation at 1 GHz symbol rate is kept technologically lean through use of a directly-modulated laser as optical encoder. Integration in a passive optical network infrastructure is experimentally studied for legacy and modern optical access standards. We analyze the implications that result from Raman scattering arising from different spectral allocations of the classical channels in the O-, S-, C- and L-band, and prove that the quantum channel can co-exist with up to 19 classical channels of a fully-loaded modern access standard. Secure-key generation at a rate of 5.1×10-7bits/pulse at a quantum bit error ratio of 3.28% is obtained over a 13.5 km reach, 2:16 split passive network configuration. The high power difference of 93.8 dB between launched classical and quantum signals in the lit access network leads to a low penalty of 0.52% in terms of error ratio.