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arXiv:2004.07280 · Physical Review Research

Quantifying the impact of state mixing on the Rydberg excitation blockade

Milo Eder, Andrew Lesak, Abigail Plone, Tomohisa Yoda, Michael Highman, Aaron Reinhard

Published May 27, 2020• 3 citations
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Abstract

This paper demonstrates a new technique to quantify the negative impact of state-mixing interactions on the Rydberg excitation blockade near the Forster resonance. By observing state-mixing events on a shot-by-shot basis, the authors identify the mechanisms responsible for large rates of mixing, and determine the extent to which mixing breaks the blockade in a mesoscopic ensemble.

DOI
10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023234

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This paper demonstrates a new technique to quantify the negative impact of state-mixing interactions on the Rydberg excitation blockade near the Forster resonance. By observing state-mixing events on a shot-by-shot basis, the authors identify the mechanisms responsible for large rates of mixing, and determine the extent to which mixing breaks the blockade in a mesoscopic ensemble.
We examine state mixing in a dense, cold Rydberg gas. Cold Rb atom clouds in an optical dipole trap are excited into nD5/2n{D}_{5/2}nD5/2​ Rydberg levels using narrow-bandwidth laser pulses. For n=43n=43n=43, two atoms excited to 43D5/243{D}_{5/2}43D5/2​ states can be converted to 41F7/241{F}_{7/2}41F7/2​ and 45P3/245{P}_{3/2}45P3/2​ product states via a F\"orster resonance. We find, unexpectedly, that up to 50% of the Rydberg atoms are detected in such product states after only 100 ns of interaction time. The experiment is modeled using many-body quantum simulations. To reproduce the mixing fractions measured near F\"orster resonances, we use an exact, nonperturbative many-atom Hamiltonian in which product states are treated on an equal basis with the laser-excited nD5/2n{D}_{5/2}nD5/2​ Rydberg level. Simplified many-body interaction models based on sums over pairwise atomic potentials cannot reproduce the measured mixing fractions.
We study the effect of resonances associated with complex molecular interaction of Rydberg atoms on Rydberg blockade. We show that densely spaced molecular potentials between doubly excited atomic pairs become unavoidably resonant with the optical excitation at short interatomic separations. Such molecular resonances limit the coherent control of individual excitations in Rydberg blockade. As an illustration, we compute the molecular interaction potentials of Rb atoms near the 100s100s100s states asymptote to characterize such detrimental molecular resonances and determine the resonant loss rate to molecules and inhomogeneous light shifts. Techniques to avoid the undesired effect of molecular resonances are discussed.
A dipole blockade, in which Rydberg-atom-Rydberg-atom interactions inhibit all but a single collective Rydberg excitation, has been proposed as a mechanism to store and manipulate quantum information in mesoscopic ensembles. We investigate the excitation dynamics of a collection of a few atoms and show that they undergo an unexpected, qualitative change when the number of atoms increases from two to three. In particular, the combined action of three atoms, each of which pairwise would produce a blockade, can break the dipole blockade.