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arXiv:2004.03078 · New Journal of Physics

Resource speed limits: maximal rate of resource variation

Francesco Campaioli, Chang‐shui Yu, Felix A. Pollock, Kavan Kishore Modi

Published May 25, 2022• 48 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Recent advances in quantum resource theories have been driven by the fact that many quantum information protocols make use of different facets of the same physical features, e.g. entanglement, coherence, etc. Resource theories formalise the role of these important physical features in a given protocol. One question that remains open until now is: how quickly can a resource be generated or degraded? Using the toolkit of quantum speed limits we construct bounds on the minimum time required for a given resource to change by a fixed increment, which might be thought of as the power of said resource, i.e., the rate of resource variation. We show that the derived bounds are tight by considering several examples. Finally, we discuss some applications of our results, which include generalisations of thermodynamic work, heat, and power to any given resource, as well as fundamental bounds on the computation rate in leading quantum processing architectures.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/ac7346

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Abstract Recent advances in quantum resource theories have been driven by the fact that many quantum information protocols make use of different facets of the same physical features, e.g. entanglement, coherence, etc. Resource theories formalise the role of these important physical features in a given protocol. One question that remains open until now is: how quickly can a resource be generated or degraded? Using the toolkit of quantum speed limits we construct bounds on the minimum time required for a given resource to change by a fixed increment, which might be thought of as the power of said resource, i.e., the rate of resource variation. We show that the derived bounds are tight by considering several examples. Finally, we discuss some applications of our results, which include generalisations of thermodynamic work, heat, and power to any given resource, as well as fundamental bounds on the computation rate in leading quantum processing architectures.
In the context of quantum speed limits, it has been shown that the minimum time required to cause a desired state conversion via the open quantum dynamics can be estimated using the entropy production. However, the established entropy-based bounds tend to be loose, making it difficult to accurately estimate the minimum time for evolution. In this research, we have combined the knowledge of the entropy-based speed limits with that of the resource theory of asymmetry (RTA) and provided much stricter inequalities. Our results show that the limitation on the change rate of states and expectation values can be divided into two parts: quantum coherence for energy (i.e., asymmetry) contributed by the system and the heat bath and the classical entropy-increasing effect from the bath. As a result, our inequalities demonstrate that the difference in the speed of evolution between classical and quantum open systems, i.e., the quantum enhancement in speed, is determined by the quantum Fisher information, which measures quantum fluctuations of energy and serves as a standard resource measure in the resource theory of asymmetry. We further show that a similar relation holds for the rate of change of expectation values of physical quantities.
The speed limit on entanglement is defined as the maximal rate at which entanglement can be generated or degraded in a physical process. We derive the speed limits on entanglement, using the relative entropy of entanglement and trace-distance entanglement, for unitary and arbitrary quantum dynamics, where we assume that the dynamics of the closest separable state can be approximately described by the closest separable dynamics of the actual dynamics of the system. For the unitary dynamics of isolated bipartite systems which are described by pure states, the rate of entanglement production is bounded by the product of fluctuations of the system's driving Hamiltonian and the surprisal operator, with an additional term reflecting the time-dependent nature of the closest separable state. Removing restrictions on the purity of the input and on the unitarity of the evolution, the two terms in the bound get suitably altered. Furthermore, we find a lower bound on the time required to generate or degrade a certain amount of entanglement by arbitrary quantum dynamics. We demonstrate the tightness of our speed limits on entanglement by considering quantum processes of practical interest.
Abstract The rate at which quantum coherence is generated or degraded significantly impacts quantum information processing. The minimum time for the coherence-changing process can be well evaluated using the quantum speed limit (QSL), which typically requires taking the maximum across different QSL bounds. In this paper, we derive a coherence QSL bound using the quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence as a coherence measure. It is shown that for any state, there is always a representation in which the dephasing dynamics can saturate the QSL bound. We also numerically demonstrate that our QSL bound can be tighter than previous bounds for some applications. Our results make up for the tightness of the coherence QSL.
Nonclassical features of quantum systems can degrade when subjected to environment and noise. Here, we ask a fundamental question: What is the minimum amount of time it takes for a quantum system to exhibit nonclassical features in the presence of noise? Here, we prove distinct speed limits on the quantumness of observable as the norm of the commutator of two given observables. The speed limit on such quantumness measures sets the fundamental upper bound on the rate of change of quantumness, which provides the lower bound on the time required to change the quantumness of a system by a given amount. Additionally, we prove the speed limit for the nonclassical features such as quantum coherence that captures the amount of superposition in the quantum systems. We demonstrate the attainability of the upper bounds for processes of physical interest and verify their tightness through illustrated cases.
Quantum speed limits impose intrinsic lower bounds on the shortest time scale for quantum system evolution. As an emerging paradigm in quantum resource theory, quantum-state texture has attracted research interest amid the rapid advancement of quantum theory. Herein, we investigate the interplay between quantum speed limits and quantum-state texture via several canonical quantifiers, including trace distance, state rugosity and Jensen-Shannon divergence. To demonstrate our findings, we analyze the minimum evolution time of physical systems subject to dephasing and dissipative dynamics. For the Jensen-Shannon divergence, we further explore nonunitary dynamics described by completely positive and trace-preserving maps, taking the amplitude damping channel as a typical example. In addition, we explore the tightness of these bounds in the considered dynamical models. Our results reveal that quantum speed limits derived from quantum-state texture capture the fundamental constraints on quantum evolutionary speed, with promising applications in quantum computing, quantum control and quantum metrology.
Quantum asymmetry and coherence are genuinely quantum resources that are essential to realize quantum advantage in information technologies. However, all quantum processes are fundamentally constrained by quantum speed limits, which raises the question on the corresponding bounds on the rate of consumption of asymmetry and coherence. In the present work, we derive a formulation of the quantum speed limit for observables in terms of the trace-norm asymmetry of the time-dependent quantum state relative to the observable. This quantum speed limit can be directly observed in experiment through weak value measurement and provides a lower bound to the quantum Fisher information about the parameter conjugate to the observable. It can be further related to quantum coherence relative to the eigenbasis of the observable. We obtain a complementary relation for the speed of three mutually unbiased observables for a single qubit. As an application, we derive a notion of a quantum thermodynamic speed limit.