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arXiv:2003.13993 · Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics

Integral Representation of Finite Temperature Non-Markovian Evolution of Some Systems in Rotating Wave Approximation

Alexander Evgen’evich Teretenkov

Published Dec 1, 2020• 3 citations
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Abstract

We introduce the Friedrichs model at the finite temperature which is one- and zero-particle restriction of the spin-boson model in the rotating wave approximation and obtain the population of the excited state for this model. We also consider the oscillator interacting with bosonic thermal bath in the rotating wave approximation and obtain dynamics of the mean excitation number for this oscillator. Both solutions are expressed in terms of integrals of zero-temperature solutions with correspondent correlation functions.

DOI
10.1134/s1995080220120410

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We introduce the Friedrichs model at the finite temperature which is one- and zero-particle restriction of the spin-boson model in the rotating wave approximation and obtain the population of the excited state for this model. We also consider the oscillator interacting with bosonic thermal bath in the rotating wave approximation and obtain dynamics of the mean excitation number for this oscillator. Both solutions are expressed in terms of integrals of zero-temperature solutions with correspondent correlation functions.
We study the effect of the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) and the secular approximation (SA) on the non-Markovian behavior in the spin-boson model at zero temperature. We find that both the RWA and SA lead to a dramatic reduction in the observed non-Markovianity. In general, non-Markovian dynamics is observed for the whole relaxation time of the system, whereas the RWA and SA lead to such dynamics only on the short time scale of the environmental correlation time. Thus, the RWA and SA are not necessarily justified in the studies of non-Markovianity, although they can estimate the state of the system precisely. Furthermore, we derive an accurate analytical expression for the non-Markovianity measure without the RWA or SA. This expression yields important insight into the physics of the problem.
For the model of a multi-level system in the rotating wave approximation we obtain the corrections for a usual weak coupling limit dynamics by means of perturbation theory with Bogolubov-van Hove scaling. It generalizes our previous results on a spin-boson model in the rotating wave approximation. Additionally, in this work we take into account some dependence of the system Hamiltonian on the small parameter. We show that the dynamics is long-time Markovian, i.e. after the bath correlation time all the non-Markovianity could be captured by the renormalization of initial condition and correlation functions.
The non-Markovian dynamics of the driven spin-boson model at zero and finite temperature is investigated theoretically. Based on a unitary transformation and convolution theorem, the analytical expression of population difference in Laplace space is obtained. This method provides a tool to help us to understand the interference between driving and dissipation within the non-Markovian frame. We study the transient and the steady-state non-Markovian dynamics of population difference P ( t ) in the case of different temperature, driving and spin–bath coupling (SBC) strength. It has been shown that it is necessary to use non-Markovian methods when SBC is strong. At zero temperature, the curve of steady-state amplitude P lt versus Rabi driving amplitude Ω is N-like shaped. While at finite temperature, the curve becomes Λ-like shaped. These curves come from the interference between driving and dissipation. Also, from the interference pattern above, we know that large coherent oscillations can be obtained by optimizing the parameters: Rabi driving amplitude, temperature and SBC strength.
The non-Markovian Langevin approach is applied to study the dynamics of fermionic (bosonic) oscillator linearly coupled to a fermionic (bosonic) environment. The analytical expressions for occupation numbers in two different types of couplings (rotating-wave approximation and fully coupled) are compared and discussed. The weak-coupling and high- and low-temperature limits are considered as well. The conditions under which the environment imposes its thermal equilibrium on the collective subsystem are discussed. The sameness of the results, obtained with both the Langevin approach and the discretized environment method are shown. Short- and long-time nonequilibrium dynamics of fermionic and bosonic open quantum systems are analyzed both analytically and numerically.
Employing quadratic fermionic and bosonic Hamiltonians for collective and internal subsystems with a linear rotating-wave-approximation coupling, we studied the role of heat-bath statistics on the dynamics of the collective motion. The master equations for the collective occupation number derived directly from the quadratic Hamiltonians and within the Non-Markovian Langevin approach are discussed and their solutions are obtained. Because of the different nature of the heat-bath statistics, the path to equilibrium or the relaxation time is affected as shown in the numerical calculations.
The interrelationship between the non-Markovian stochastic Schr\"odinger equations and the corresponding non-Markovian master equations is investigated in the finite-temperature regimes. We show that the general finite-temperature non-Markovian trajectories can be used to derive the corresponding non-Markovian master equations. A simple, yet important solvable example is the well-known damped harmonic oscillator model in which a harmonic oscillator is coupled to a finite-temperature reservoir in the rotating-wave approximation. The exact convolutionless master equation for the damped harmonic oscillator is obtained by averaging the quantum trajectories, relying upon no assumption of coupling strength or time scale. The master equation derived in this way automatically preserves the positivity, Hermiticity, and unity.