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arXiv:2003.12554 · Physical Review A

Master equation for multilevel interference in a superradiant medium

А. В. Коновалов, Giovanna Morigi

Published Jul 24, 2020• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A comprehensive study of light-matter interaction in the limit of dense atomic clouds is performed. The investigation includes the quantum interference between many complex channels and the validity of the approach is tested on hydrogen transitions.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.102.013724

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The progress in high-precision spectroscopy requires one to verify the accuracy of theoretical models, such as the master equation describing spontaneous emission of atoms. For this purpose, we apply the coarse-graining method to derive a master equation of an atom interacting with the modes of the electromagnetic field. This master equation naturally includes terms due to quantum interference in the decay channels and fulfills the requirements of the Lindblad theorem without the need for phenomenological assumptions. We then consider the spectroscopy of the $2S\ensuremath{-}4P$ line of atomic hydrogen and show that these interference terms, typically neglected, significantly contribute to the photon count signal. These results can be important in understanding spectroscopic measurements performed in recent experiments for testing the validity of quantum electrodynamics.
This work examines superradiance in initially inverted clouds of multilevel atoms. We develop a set of equations that can approximately calculate the temporal evolution of NNN coupled atoms. This allows us to simulate clouds containing hundreds of multilevel atoms while eschewing the assumption and/or approximation of symmetric dipole-dipole interactions. This treatment is used to explore the effects that dephasing causes by elastic dipole-dipole interactions and that competition between multiple transitions has on superradiance. Both of these mechanisms place strong parametrical restrictions on a given transition's ability to superradiate. These results are likely important to recent experiments that probe superradiance in Rydberg atoms.
Abstract : The mathematical algorithms and programs for the study of the resonant light-matter interactions in the multi-component and multilevel media and photonic bandgap structures have been developed. The optimal component distribution in the two-component media have been found to get a pulse of a superradiative emission of the highest intensity. The mathematical algorithms and programs for the study of the femtosecond pulse propagation in an extended medium of the two-level atoms have developed. The regime of the inversionless superradiance in the two-component superradiative medium has been investigated. The theory of the superradiance by an ensemble of the two-level atoms embedded in the dielectric host was developed. It was shown that the near dipole-dipole interaction of dense collection of two-level atoms is enhanced by the presence of the host material, decreasing the pulse temporal width and increasing the peak pulse intensity of superradiative emission. The theory of nonlinear light-matter interaction in multidimensional resonant photonic crystals under Bragg diffraction condition has been developed. It was obtained the analytical and numerical solutions describing the novel kinds of nonlinear solitary waves: the Laue soliton, O-field, propagating and standing gap solitary waves. It has been described the spatio-temporal nonlinear dynamics of coherent field in periodic resonant structures with arbitrary modulation of atomic density and gain gratings.