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arXiv:2003.09755 · Physical Review A

Optimal exploitation of the resource in remote state preparation

Morteza Nikaeen, Mehdi Ramezani, Alireza Bahrampour

Published Jul 15, 2020• 2 citations
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Abstract

Transmission efficiency (TE) of remote state preparation (RSP) with a shared quantum state and one bit of classical communication is considered. Following Daki\ifmmode \acute{c}\else \'{c}\fi{} et al. [Nat. Phys. 8, 666 (2012)], the encoding and decoding operators of the protocol are restricted to the physically relevant classes of projective measurements and unitary operators, respectively. It is shown that contrary to the previous arguments, the quadratic fidelity as well as the linear fidelity could be a valid figure of merit to quantify the TE of RSP. Then, the TE of the protocol in terms of both linear and quadratic fidelities is evaluated in a fully optimized scenario which includes the maximization over the encoding parameters as well as a meaningful maximization over the decoding parameters. The results show that, in this scenario, the TE scales with the sum of the two largest eigenvalues of the squared correlation matrix of the resource state that is zero only for product states. This approach successfully quantifies the performance of the protocol in terms of the resource state parameters and provides a means to compare the usefulness of any two resource states for RSP.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.102.012416

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Transmission efficiency (TE) of remote state preparation (RSP) with a shared quantum state and one bit of classical communication is considered. Following Daki\ifmmode \acute{c}\else '{c}\fi{} et al. [Nat. Phys. 8, 666 (2012)], the encoding and decoding operators of the protocol are restricted to the physically relevant classes of projective measurements and unitary operators, respectively. It is shown that contrary to the previous arguments, the quadratic fidelity as well as the linear fidelity could be a valid figure of merit to quantify the TE of RSP. Then, the TE of the protocol in terms of both linear and quadratic fidelities is evaluated in a fully optimized scenario which includes the maximization over the encoding parameters as well as a meaningful maximization over the decoding parameters. The results show that, in this scenario, the TE scales with the sum of the two largest eigenvalues of the squared correlation matrix of the resource state that is zero only for product states. This approach successfully quantifies the performance of the protocol in terms of the resource state parameters and provides a means to compare the usefulness of any two resource states for RSP.
The scenario of remote state preparation with a shared correlated quantum state and one bit of forward communication [B. Dakić et al., Nat. Phys. 8, 666 (2012)] is considered. Optimization of the transmission efficiency is extended to include general encoding and decoding strategies. The importance of the use of linear fidelity is recognized. It is shown that separable states cannot exceed the efficiency of entangled states by means of “local operations plus classical communication” actions limited to 1 bit of forward communication. It is proven however that such a surprising phenomena may naturally occur when the decoding agent has limited resources in the sense that either (i) has to use decoding which is insensitive to the change of the coordinate system in the plane in question (which is the natural choice if the receiver does not know the latter) or (ii) is forced to use bistochastic operations which may be imposed by physically inconvenient local thermodynamical conditions.
Remote state preparation (RSP) is the act of preparing a quantum state at a remote location without actually transmitting the state itself. Using at most two classical bits and a single shared maximally entangled state, one can in theory remotely prepare any qubit state with certainty and with perfect fidelity. However, in any experimental implementation the average fidelity between the target and output states cannot be perfect. In order for an RSP experiment to demonstrate genuine quantum advantages, it must surpass the optimal threshold of a comparable classical protocol. Here we study the fidelity achievable by RSP protocols lacking shared entanglement and determine the optimal value for the average fidelity in several different cases. We implement an experimental scheme for deterministic remote preparation of arbitrary photon polarization qubits, preparing 178178178 different pure and mixed qubit states with an average fidelity of 0.9950.9950.995. Our experimentally achieved average fidelities surpass our derived classical thresholds whenever the classical protocol does not trivially allow for perfect RSP.
We study the following task: Alice is given a classical description of a rank-kkk projector PPP on Cd\mathbb{C}^dCd, and Alice and Bob want to prepare the quantum state P/kP/kP/k on Bob's side using shared entanglement and classical communication. The general form of this task is known as remote state preparation (RSP). We give nearly-matching lower and upper bounds for the entanglement cost and communication cost for RSP of the states P/kP/kP/k. Ours are the first nearly matching upper and lower bounds for RSP of mixed states, and in the special case of pure states, our lower bound outperforms the best previously known lower bound. Our results show that any pure entangled state that can be used to do RSP of these states with o(d)o(d)o(d) bits of communication, can distill log⁡d\log dlogd ebits of entanglement, and conversely, any state that can distill log⁡d\log dlogd ebits of entanglement can be used to do RSP of these states efficiently. As applications of our results, we rederive a previously-known incompressibility result for states of the form P/kP/kP/k, and give a new entanglement-assisted communication protocol for the equality function that uses 12log⁡n+O(1)\frac{1}{2}\log n + O(1)21​logn+O(1) many ebits, and O(1)O(1)O(1) communication.
The hitherto unexplored nonlocality of quantum correlations in the information transfer protocol of remote state preparation (RSP) is investigated in terms of a unified nonlocality argument formulated for teleportation as well as for two distinct RSP schemes. The argument differs only in the respective types of local measurements used in each scenario. One of the RSP schemes uses single particle projective measurements, while the other uses joint Bell-basis measurements. Interestingly, the quantum mechanical violations of the Bell-CHSH type inequalities formulated for each of the RSP setups, while being equal to each other, also turn out to be equal to that of the corresponding Bell-CHSH type local realist inequality for teleportation, using the common resource of non-maximally entangled state. This reveals that for such a resource state, the maximum amount of extractable nonlocality of correlations involved in the transfer of information is the same for the standard teleportation protocol and the two RSP schemes considered here, thereby implying that the essential difference between teleportation and remote state preparation lies in the amount of classical information required to be exchanged between parties, and not in the nonlocality of underlying correlations.
A necessary and sufficient condition is given for general exact remote state preparation (RSP) protocols to be oblivious, that is, no information about the target state can be retrieved from the classical message. A criterion in terms of commutation relations is also derived for the existence of deterministic exact protocols in which Alice's measurement eigenstates are related to each other by fixed linear operators similar to Bob's unitaries. For nonmaximally entangled resources, it provides an easy way to search for RSP protocols. As an example, we show how to reduce the case of partially entangled resources to that of maximally entangled ones, and we construct RSP protocols exploiting the structure of the irreducible representations of Abelian groups.
Remote state preparation (RSP) is a quantum information protocol which allows preparing a quantum state at a distant location with the help of a preshared nonclassical resource state and a classical channel. The efficiency of successfully doing this task can be represented by the RSP-fidelity of the resource state. In this paper, we study the influence on the RSP-fidelity by applying certain local operations on the resource state. We prove that RSP-fidelity does not increase for any unital local operation. However, for nonunital local operation, such as local amplitude damping channel, we find that some resource states can be enhanced to increase the RSP-fidelity. We give the optimal parameter of symmetric local amplitude damping channel for enhancing Bell-diagonal resource states. In addition, we show RSP-fidelity can suddenly change or even vanish at instant under local decoherence.