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arXiv:2002.08362 · Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Multi-party interactive cryptographic key distribution protocol over a public network based on computational ghost imaging

Wen-Kai Yu, Ning Wei, Yaxin Li, Ying Yang, Shuo-Fei Wang

Published Apr 13, 2022• 15 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/j.optlaseng.2022.107067

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In existing cryptographic key distribution (CKD) protocols based on computational ghost imaging (CGI), the interaction among multiple legitimate users is generally neglected, and the channel noise has a serious impact on the performance. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose a multi-party interactive CKD protocol over a public network, which takes advantage of the cascade ablation of fragment patterns (FPs). The server splits a quick-response (QR) code image into multiple FPs and embeds different "watermark" labels into these FPs. By using a CGI setup, the server will acquire a series of bucket value sequences with respect to different FPs and send them to multiple legitimate users through a public network. The users reconstruct the FPs and determine whether there is an attack in the public channel according to the content of the recovered "watermark" labels, so as to complete the self-authentication. Finally, these users can extract their cryptographic keys by scanning the QR code (the cascade ablation result of FPs) returned by an intermediary. Both simulation and experimental results have verified the feasibility of this protocol. The impacts of different attacks and the noise robustness have also been investigated.
In the existing ghost-imaging-based cryptographic key distribution (GCKD) protocols, the cryptographic keys need to be encoded by using many modulated patterns, which undoubtedly incurs long measurement time and huge memory consumption. Given this, based on snapshot compressive ghost imaging, a public network cryptographic key distribution protocol is proposed, where the cryptographic keys and joint authentication information are encrypted into several color block diagrams to guarantee security. It transforms the previous single-pixel sequential multiple measurements into multi-pixel single exposure measurements, significantly reducing sampling time and memory storage. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of this protocol and its ability to detect illegal attacks. Therefore, it takes GCKD a big step closer to practical applications.
Computational ghost imaging is widely used in classical cryptographic key distribution (CKD) because its measurement and reconstruction are equivalent to the encoding and decoding of signals. Although the measurement efficiency and key-generation rate can be improved by using snapshot compressive ghost-imaging technique, it is still hard to deal with the risk of private key leakage. In this paper, we propose a cascade snapshot CKD protocol over a public network. In each round of communication, multiframe binary block diagrams embedded with cryptographic keys, Arnold transform parameters (derived from the checksum data of recovered images in the previous communication), and users' authentication information are superimposed into one image frame that is measured within a single exposure of an array detector, here the Arnold transformation is applied to randomly disrupt the previously used modulation patterns according to the above parameters, which greatly enhances the nonstealability of private keys and makes the temporary intrusion of a fake identity nowhere to hide. Both simulation and experimental results have demonstrated the feasibility of this protocol and its ability to detect illegal attacks. We believe that the introduction of the cascade idea will accelerate the practicalization process of snapshot CKD.