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arXiv:2002.08304 · Applied Physics B

Cryogenic platform for coupling color centers in diamond membranes to a fiber-based microcavity

M. Salz, Yanik Herrmann, Athavan Nadarajah, Alexander Stahl, M. Hettrich, Alastair D. Stacey, Steven Prawer, David Hunger, Ferdinand Schmidt‐Kaler

Published Jul 10, 2020• 25 citations
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Abstract

Abstract We operate a fiber-based cavity with an inserted diamond membrane containing ensembles of silicon vacancy centers (SiV $${}^{-}$$ - ) at cryogenic temperatures $$\ge 4~$$ ≥ 4 K. The setup, sample fabrication and spectroscopic characterization are described, together with a demonstration of the cavity influence by the Purcell effect. This paves the way towards solid-state qubits coupled to optical interfaces as long-lived quantum memories.

DOI
10.1007/s00340-020-07478-5

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Abstract We operate a fiber-based cavity with an inserted diamond membrane containing ensembles of silicon vacancy centers (SiV −{}^{-}− - ) at cryogenic temperatures ≥4 \ge 4~≥4  ≥ 4 K. The setup, sample fabrication and spectroscopic characterization are described, together with a demonstration of the cavity influence by the Purcell effect. This paves the way towards solid-state qubits coupled to optical interfaces as long-lived quantum memories.
We realize a potential platform for an efficient spin-photon interface, namely negatively-charged silicon-vacancy centers in a diamond membrane coupled to the mode of a fully-tunable, fiber-based, optical resonator. We demonstrate that introducing the thin ($\ensuremath{\sim}200\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\text{nm}$), single crystal diamond membrane into the mode of the resonator does not change the cavity properties, which is one of the crucial points for an efficient spin-photon interface. In particular, we observe constantly high Finesse values of up to 3000 and a linear dispersion in the presence of the membrane. We observe cavity-coupled fluorescence from an ensemble of ${\mathrm{SiV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ centers with an enhancement factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}1.9$. Furthermore from our investigations we extract the ensemble absorption and extrapolate an absorption cross section of $(2.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\text{cm}}^{2}$ for a single ${\mathrm{SiV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ center, much higher than previously reported.
Chip integration of quantum emitters is a crucial milestone for scalable quantum photonic information processing. Among optically active defect centers for quantum photonics, diamond color centers are promising because of their long spin coherence times and high photon emission rates. However, for a coherent-photon emission, they typically require a cryogenic environment to protect optical coherence from thermal phonons, which makes chip integration challenging. In this paper, we develop a chip-integrated diamond photonic crystal cavity embedding an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. We confirm cryogenic operation by observing Purcell enhancement of NV-center emission via an edge-coupled optical fiber. This result demonstrates successful integration of diamond color centers, a photonic crystal cavity, and an optical waveguide-fiber package, representing a key step toward scalable diamond-based quantum communication platforms.
We report on the fabrication and characterization of a Fabry-Perot microcavity enclosing a thin diamond membrane at cryogenic temperatures. The cavity is designed to enhance resonant emission of single nitrogen-vacancy centers by allowing spectral and spatial tuning while preserving the optical properties observed in bulk diamond. We demonstrate cavity finesse at cryogenic temperatures within the range of F=4000–12 000 and find a sub-nanometer cavity stability. Modeling shows that coupling nitrogen-vacancy centers to these cavities could lead to an increase in remote entanglement success rates by three orders of magnitude.
Diamond color centers are promising candidates for optically addressable quantum memories, which motivates the development of efficient photonic interfaces, often using nanophotonic cavities with narrow spectral line widths and small mode volumes. However, they require perfect spectral and spatial overlap between the cavity mode and quantum emitter, which is challenging. This is especially true for solid-state quantum emitters that are often randomly positioned and suffer from inhomogeneous broadening. Another approach to enhance light-matter interaction across large optical bandwidths and areas is using slow light waveguides. Here, we demonstrate diamond slow light photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides optically coupled to embedded silicon-vacancy (SiV) color centers. We use the recently developed thin-film diamond approach to fabricate fully suspended two-dimensional PhC waveguides. We demonstrate waveguide modes with high group indices up to 70 and observe Purcell-enhanced emissions of the SiVs. Our approach represents a practical diamond platform for robust spin-photon interfaces with color centers.