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arXiv:2001.07341 · Physical Review Research

Disorder-controlled relaxation in a three-dimensional Hubbard model quantum simulator

W. Morong, S. R. Muleady, Itamar Kimchi, Wenchao Xu, Rahul Nandkishore, A. M. Rey, Brian DeMarco

Published Jan 27, 2021• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The authors study the relaxation dynamics of doubly occupied lattice sites in the three-dimensional disordered Fermi-Hubbard model and find a dynamical regime in strong interactions that is characterized by disorder-enhanced relaxation.
DOI
10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l012009

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We investigate the decay of highly excited states of ultracold fermions in a three-dimensional optical lattice. Starting from a repulsive Fermi-Hubbard system near half filling, we generate additional doubly occupied sites (doublons) by lattice modulation. The subsequent relaxation back to thermal equilibrium is monitored over time. The measured absolute doublon lifetime covers 2 orders of magnitude. In units of the tunneling time h/J it is found to depend exponentially on the ratio of on-site interaction energy U to kinetic energy J. We argue that the dominant mechanism for the relaxation is a simultaneous many-body process involving several single fermions as scattering partners. A many-body calculation is carried out using diagrammatic methods, yielding fair agreement with the data.
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