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arXiv:1912.09116 · New Journal of Physics

Towards all-optical atom chips based on optical waveguides

Yuri B Ovchinnikov, Folly Eli Ayi-Yovo

Published Mar 20, 2020• 12 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Coherent guiding of atoms in two-colour evanescent light fields of two fundamental modes of suspended optical rib waveguides is investigated theoretically. Special attention is paid to waveguides of widths larger than the wavelength of light, which provide better lateral stability of the surface traps and waveguides, and can be used in coherent Bragg beam splitters for matter waves, based on optical gratings formed by interference of evanescent light waves of two crossed optical waveguides. A single-mode regime for evanescent-wave waveguides for atoms is investigated. The general structure and key elements of all-optical atom chips are discussed.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/ab81ba

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Abstract Coherent guiding of atoms in two-colour evanescent light fields of two fundamental modes of suspended optical rib waveguides is investigated theoretically. Special attention is paid to waveguides of widths larger than the wavelength of light, which provide better lateral stability of the surface traps and waveguides, and can be used in coherent Bragg beam splitters for matter waves, based on optical gratings formed by interference of evanescent light waves of two crossed optical waveguides. A single-mode regime for evanescent-wave waveguides for atoms is investigated. The general structure and key elements of all-optical atom chips are discussed.
Integrated photonic circuits based on suspended photonic rib waveguides, which can be used for coherent trapping, guiding, and splitting of ultra-cold neutral atoms in two-color evanescent light fields near their surfaces, are described. Configurations of quantum inertial sensors based on such integrated atomo-photonic waveguides, which are simultaneously guiding photons and atoms along the same paths, are presented. The difference between free-space and guided atom interferometers in the presence of external forces is explained. The theoretical and technological challenges, to be overcome on the way to the realization of such a platform for quantum technologies, are discussed.
We analyze evanescent fields of laser written waveguides and show that they can be used to trap atoms close to the surface of an integrated optical atom chip. In contrast to subwavelength nanofibres it is generally not possible to create a stable trapping potential using only the fundamental modes. This is why we create a stable trapping potential by using two different laser colors, such that the waveguide supports two modes for the blue detuned laser, while for the red detuned light the waveguide has only a single mode. In particular, we study such a two-color trap for Cesium atoms, and calculate both the potential and losses for the set of parameters that are within experimental reach. We also optimize system parameters in order to minimize trap losses due to photon scattering and tunneling to the surface.
The trapping of ultra-cold atoms using two-color evanescent light waves formed by propagating modes of suspended optical rib waveguides is modeled in different configurations. Reducing the anisotropy of the two-color evanescent optical dipole potential requires two laser light components with a large frequency difference. The upper frequency is guided in the two lowest transverse waveguide modes, and the lower frequency propagates in a single-mode regime. This increases the depth of the dipole potential in the lateral direction. An additional increase in the optical dipole potential can be achieved by tuning the frequencies of the two modes to two different atomic transitions. When applied to rubidium, the total depth of the corresponding surface optical dipole traps can reach 0.3 mK or greater under reasonable conditions.
Summary form only given. Electromagnetic fields have been used extensively to manipulate and control atoms. Intersecting light beams are used to create standing waves that act as an optical lattice potential. Evanescent fields at a surface can be used as a mirror to reflect atoms scattering on the surface. Atoms can propagate inside a hollow core fiber provided that an evanescent surface field keeps the atoms away from the inner wall. These fields are used to move and locate atoms so that they can interact, interfere, and entangle. We have been examining the two color scheme with realistic integrated optical waveguide structures. In this presentation, we show that two-dimensional and three-dimensional trapping configurations can be achieved for real waveguide structures. We discuss the design features that must be addressed to implement optical structures for use in atom optics.
We propose a two-colour scheme of atom guide and 1D optical lattice using evanescent light fields of TE 00 and TE 01 transverse modes in an optical waveguide. The optical waveguide carries red-detuned light and blue-detuned light, with both modes far from resonance. The atom guide and 1D optical lattice potentials can be transformed to each other by using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer to accurately control mode transformation. This might provide a new approach to realize flexible transition between the guiding and trapping states of atoms.