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arXiv:1912.05866 · Nature

Quantum entanglement between an atom and a molecule

Yiheng Lin, David R. Leibrandt, Dietrich G. Leibfried, C. W. Chou

Published May 20, 2020• 92 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1038/s41586-020-2257-1

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We propose a scheme to prepare a certain kind of N-atom entangled state that allows us to construct some possible types of entanglement molecules via cavity QED. The entanglement properties of entanglement molecules \psi(N)>(alpha) are studied with respect to bipartite entanglement that is robust against the disposal of particles and are compared with entanglement molecules p, introduced in Dur (2001 Phys. Rev. A 63 020303). We also give the maximal amount of entanglement achievable for two particular situations in two possible configurations. Meanwhile, we investigate the entanglement properties of entanglement molecules \psi(N)>(alpha) in terms of local measurement using the maximum connectedness and persistency and compare them with other kinds of N-atom entangled states such as \GHZ>, \W-N> and \phi(N)>. We show that the maximal value N - 1 of the persistency of the state \psi(N)>(alpha) corresponds to the case that all atoms are pairwise entangled. If any pair of atoms rho(ij) is disentangled, the entanglement of the state \psi(N)>(alpha) is very easy to destroy by a single local measurement.
Polar molecules, with their rich internal structure, offer immense potential for fundamental physics, quantum technology, and controlled chemistry. However, their utilization is currently limited because of slow and imperfect state detection and weak dipolar interaction, limiting fast and large-scale entanglement generation. We propose and analyze a scheme for quantum logic control and measurement-based state preparation in a hybrid platform of polar molecules and neutral atoms. The method leverages fast, high-fidelity atom-molecule gates and high-fidelity atomic ancilla measurements to overcome the common challenges in molecule-only platforms, while preserving their diverse structural advantages. The proposed atom-molecule controlled-phase gate is based on resonant dipole-dipole exchange between a molecular rotational transition and an atomic Rydberg transition, rendering it three orders of magnitude faster than any direct molecule-molecule entangling gate. We further study several applications of our scheme including the preparation of molecular GHZ states for quantum enhanced precision measurements, the preparation of exotic molecular qudit states with topological order, and measurement-altered criticality. Our scheme is applicable to any polar molecule. It expands the paradigm of quantum logic control and paves the way to large-scale molecular entangled states. More generally, it highlights a concrete hybrid quantum system in which each qubit is utilized in an optimal way and where the measurement-based approach can yield a significant advantage in near-term devices.
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is considered under conditions of Feshbach resonance in two-atom collisions due to a coupling of atomic pair and resonant molecular states. The association of condensate atoms can form a molecular BEC, and the molecules can dissociate to pairs of entangled atoms in two-mode squeezed states. Both entanglement and squeezing can be applied to quantum measurements and information processing. The processes in the atom-molecule quantum gas are analyzed using two theoretical approaches. The mean-field one takes into account deactivating collisions of resonant molecules with other atoms and molecules, neglecting quantum fluctuations. This method allows analysis of inhomogeneous systems, such as expanding BEC. The non-mean-field approach -- the parametric approximation -- takes into account both deactivation and quantum fluctuations. This method allows determination of optimal conditions for formation of molecular BEC and describes Bose-enhanced dissociation of molecular BEC, as well as entanglement and squeezing of the non-condensate atoms.