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arXiv:1912.01755 · Physical Review Applied

Transfer-Matrix Approach to Determining the Linear Response of All-Fiber Networks of Cavity-QED Systems

Nikolett Német, Donald White, Shinya Kato, Scott Parkins, Takao Aoki

Published Jun 3, 2020• 24 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A semiclassical model is presented for characterizing the linear response of elementary quantum-optical systems involving cavities, optical fibers, and atoms. Formulating the transmission and reflection spectra using a scattering-wave (transfer-matrix) approach, the calculations become easily scalable. To demonstrate how useful this method is, we consider the example of a simple quantum network, i.e., two cavity-QED systems connected via an optical fiber. Differences between our quasiexact transfer-matrix approach and a single-mode, linearized quantum-optical model are demonstrated for parameters relevant to recent experiments with coupled nanofiber-cavity-QED systems.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.13.064010

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A semiclassical model is presented for characterizing the linear response of elementary quantum-optical systems involving cavities, optical fibers, and atoms. Formulating the transmission and reflection spectra using a scattering-wave (transfer-matrix) approach, the calculations become easily scalable. To demonstrate how useful this method is, we consider the example of a simple quantum network, i.e., two cavity-QED systems connected via an optical fiber. Differences between our quasiexact transfer-matrix approach and a single-mode, linearized quantum-optical model are demonstrated for parameters relevant to recent experiments with coupled nanofiber-cavity-QED systems.
A semiclassical model is presented for characterizing the linear response of elementary quantum-optical systems involving cavities, optical fibers, and atoms. Formulating the transmission and reflection spectra using a scattering-wave (transfer-matrix) approach, the calculations become easily scalable. To demonstrate how useful this method is, we consider the example of a simple quantum network, i.e., two cavity-QED systems connected via an optical fiber. Differences between our quasiexact transfer-matrix approach and a single-mode, linearized quantum-optical model are demonstrated for parameters relevant to recent experiments with coupled nanofiber-cavity-QED systems.
We investigate the time evolution of the photon-detection probability at various output ports of an all-fiber coupled cavity-quantum-electrodynamics (cavity-QED) system. The setup consists of two atoms trapped separately in the field of two nanofiber cavities that are connected by a standard optical fiber. We find that the normal-mode picture captures well the main features of the dynamics. However, a more accurate description based on the diagonalization of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian reveals the origin of small yet significant features in the spontaneous emission spectra.
In a cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) system, where atoms coherently interact with photons in a cavity, the eigenstates of the system are the superposition states of atoms and cavity photons, the so-called dressed states of atoms. When two cavities are connected by an optical fiber with negligible loss, the coherent coupling between the cavities gives rise to photonic normal modes. One of these normal modes is the fiber-dark mode, in which photons are delocalized in the two distant cavities. Here we demonstrate the setting of coupled-cavities QED, where two nanofiber cavity-QED systems are coherently connected by a meter-long low-loss channel in an all-fiber fashion. Specifically, we observe dressed states of distant atoms with delocalized photons of the fiber-dark normal mode. Our system will provide a platform for the study of delocalized atomic and photonic states, photonic many-body physics, and distributed quantum computation.
Optical nanofibers provide a versatile platform for exploring strong light-matter interactions at the single-quantum level, a central goal of quantum optics. Their subwavelength diameter supports tightly confined guided modes with strong evanescent fields, enabling efficient coupling between photons and nearby atoms. By incorporating fiber Bragg gratings, nanofibers can form fully fiber-integrated high-finesse cavities, combining strong atom-photon coupling with efficient and low-loss optical input-output interfacing in the setting of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). In parallel, nanofiber systems naturally realize waveguide QED, where atoms interact strongly with propagating photons in a one-dimensional geometry. In this review, we introduce the underlying physical principles, summarize key experimental techniques and representative phenomena, and discuss prospects for applications in quantum information processing, quantum networks, and related quantum technologies.
Abstract In a cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) system, where atoms coherently interact with photons in a cavity, the eigenstates of the system are the superposition states of atoms and cavity photons, the so-called dressed states of atoms. When two cavities are connected by an optical fiber with negligible loss, the coherent coupling between the cavities gives rise to photonic normal modes. One of these normal modes is the fiber-dark mode, in which photons are delocalized in the two distant cavities. Here we demonstrate the setting of coupled-cavities QED, where two nanofiber cavity-QED systems are coherently connected by a meter-long low-loss channel in an all-fiber fashion. Specifically, we observe dressed states of distant atoms with delocalized photons of the fiber-dark normal mode. Our system will provide a platform for the study of delocalized atomic and photonic states, photonic many-body physics, and distributed quantum computation.
A promising approach to merge atomic systems with scalable photonics has emerged recently, which consists of trapping cold atoms near tapered nanofibers. Here, we describe a novel technique to achieve strong, coherent coupling between a single atom and photon in such a system. Our approach makes use of collective enhancement effects, which allow a lattice of atoms to form a high-finesse cavity within the fiber. We show that a specially designated 'impurity' atom within the cavity can experience strongly enhanced interactions with single photons in the fiber. Under realistic conditions, a 'strong coupling' regime can be reached, wherein it becomes feasible to observe vacuum Rabi oscillations between the excited impurity atom and a single cavity quantum. This technique can form the basis for a scalable quantum information network using atom–nanofiber systems.