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arXiv:1911.12154

A hybrid waveguide scheme for silicon-based quantum photonic circuits with quantum light sources

Lingjie Yu, Chenzhi Yuan, Renduo Qi Yidong Huang, Wei Zhang

Published Nov 27, 2019• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a hybrid silicon waveguide scheme to avoid the impact of noise photons induced by pump lights in application scenarios of quantum photonic circuits with quantum light sources. The scheme is composed of strip waveguide and shallow-ridge waveguide structures. It utilizes the difference of biphoton spectra generated by spontaneous four wave mixing (SFWM) in these two waveguides. By proper pumping setting and signal/idler wavelength selection, the generation of desired photon pairs is confined in the strip waveguide. The impact of noise photons generated by SFWM in the shallow-ridge waveguide could be avoided. Hence, the shallow-ridge waveguide could be used to realize various linear operation devices for pump light and quantum state manipulations. The feasibility of this scheme is verified by theoretical analysis and primary experiment. Two applications are proposed and analyzed, showing its great potential on silicon-based quantum photonic circuits.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1911.12154

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We propose a hybrid silicon waveguide scheme to avoid the impact of noise photons induced by pump lights in application scenarios of quantum photonic circuits with quantum light sources. The scheme is composed of strip waveguide and shallow-ridge waveguide structures. It utilizes the difference of biphoton spectra generated by spontaneous four wave mixing (SFWM) in these two waveguides. By proper pumping setting and signal/idler wavelength selection, the generation of desired photon pairs is confined in the strip waveguide. The impact of noise photons generated by SFWM in the shallow-ridge waveguide could be avoided. Hence, the shallow-ridge waveguide could be used to realize various linear operation devices for pump light and quantum state manipulations. The feasibility of this scheme is verified by theoretical analysis and primary experiment. Two applications are proposed and analyzed, showing its great potential on silicon-based quantum photonic circuits.
We propose a hybrid silicon waveguide scheme to avoid the impact of noise photons induced by pump lights in application scenarios of quantum photonic circuits with quantum light sources. The scheme is composed of strip waveguide and shallow-ridge waveguide structures. It utilizes the difference of biphoton spectra generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in these two waveguides. By proper pumping setting and signal/idler wavelength selection, the generation of desired photon pairs is confined in the strip waveguide. The impact of noise photons generated by SFWM in the shallow-ridge waveguide can be avoided. Hence, the shallow-ridge waveguide could be used to realize various linear operation devices for pump light and quantum state manipulations. The feasibility of this scheme is verified by theoretical analysis and a primary experiment. Two applications are proposed and analyzed, showing its great potential in silicon-based quantum photonic circuits.
Abstract To fully utilize the resources provided by optical fiber networks, a cross-band quantum light source generating photon pairs, where one photon in a pair is at C band and the other is at O band, is proposed in this work. This source is based on spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a piece of shallow-ridge silicon waveguide. Theoretical analysis shows that the waveguide dispersion could be tailored by adjusting the ridge width, enabling broadband photon pair generation by SFWM across C band and O band. The spontaneous Raman scattering (SpRS) in silicon waveguides is also investigated experimentally. It shows that there are two regions in the spectrum of generated photons from SpRS, which could be used to achieve cross-band photon pair generation. A chip of shallow-ridge silicon waveguide samples with different ridge widths has been fabricated, through which cross-band photon pair generation is demonstrated experimentally. The experimental results show that the source can be achieved using dispersion-optimized shallow-ridge silicon waveguides. This cross-band quantum light source provides a way to develop new fiber-based quantum communication functions utilizing both C band and O band and extends applications of quantum networks.
Large-scale quantum photonic circuits require integrating multiple single-photon sources, which are typically based on spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in spiral waveguides or microring resonators (MRRs). Photons can be generated in both clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) orientations from a single source in a Sagnac configuration, showing promise for improving scalability. In this work, we propose a fully integrable scheme for bidirectional creation and usage of single photons. This concept is based on two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers (AMZIs) integrated within the Sagnac loop. As a proof of concept, we fabricated a device with a spiral waveguide on a silicon chip and demonstrated its application as a quantum splitter and two multi-wavelength quantum light sources.
Abstract We evaluated a two-color two-photon entangled state generated in silicon via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) as a potential source for bosonic integrated circuits. Spatially entangled photon states were created using a pair of silicon waveguides that produced signal and idler photons through SFWM, allowing us to observe quantum interference between them. Assuming that the frequencies of the two-color photons were nearly identical, we characterized the generated quantum state by performing quantum state tomography on the bosonic system using a linear optical circuit. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using photon-pair sources generated in silicon via SFWM in bosonic optical circuits and highlights their potential for a wide range of applications in silicon-based optical quantum technologies.
In this talk, I will discuss two applications of nonlinear quantum photonics in silicon nanowires: correlated photon pair sources and a single-photon wavelength converter. Correlated photon pairs can be generated in a nonlinear silicon waveguide through the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) process, where two photons from a bright pump laser are annihilated, and a two photons are spontaneously created at different wavelengths (the signal and idler). However, indistinguishable photon pairs are of particular interest for two-photon interference experiments, meaning that the signal and idler should have the same wavelength and be entirely identical to each other. Indistinguishable pairs can be generated with the SFWM process. where two pump lasers create a degenerate signal and idler at the frequency mid-way between them. Since the two photons are indistinguishable, it is not trivial to divide them into separate waveguides so as to manipulate them individually. I will present recent results concerning a silicon quantum splitter, where degenerate pairs are created in a ring resonator which is pumped in both directions. The ring is coupled to a sagnac loop interferometer, which combines the two directions at a 50 : 50 coupler. Here, a quantum interference effect (reverse-Hong Ou Mandel interference) splits the photons to two output waveguides. This device is ultra-compact and the use of a sagnac loop means that the phase is automatically set correctly for the interference. I will also discuss progress on single photon wavelength conversion in silicon nanowires using the four-wave mixing Bragg scattering (FWMBS) process. Here, two intense pump beams are used to modulate a weak signal, causing it to shift to the idler by the frequency difference between the pumps. In principle, this can allow coherent, noiseless frequency conversion of single photon signals. Fig. 1(b) shows output spectra from a 6mm silicon nanowire when the frequency shift is varied 100 GHz to 400 GHz. Multiple peaks are visible, corresponding to up-conversion and down-conversion of the input signal.